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还有一种所谓副词的属格( Adverbial Genitive),也是由于省略介词而来的。例如不说 at night,而说成 nights,与 always,sometimes 同一源流,在英国要在带点古文气味的文章中才有,在美国却广泛地被采用着。这种语法是表示时的反复(repeated time),即说明次数之多。它大概就是古代表示副词属格的“ S”,在今日便成为复数的符号了。有时在 night 后再加上一句 every night,无非是加强意思罢了。
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He wanted to work nights, every night.—— S. Lewis(他要晚晚工作,每晚都要。)
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I’d study nights and I’d work as a waitress in the daytime.—— Steinbeck(我要晚上读书,白天就去做女招待。)
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Daytimes we paddled all over the island in the canoe.—— Mark Twain(白天我们总是坐着独木舟环岛到处划船。)
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He gets mad, if you’re ten minutes late, mornings.—— E. Rice(如果你早上迟来十分钟,他就要发狂了。)
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Evenings she went with her husband to the motion pictures.—— S. Lewis(晚上她总是跟她丈夫一道去看电影。)
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I went over there afternoons.—— Hemingway (每天下午我都到那里去。)
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Let’s go out and go places.—— T. Wilder(我们出去吧,到一些地方去玩。)
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Don’t you worry about long times.—— Steinbeck(不要老是忧虑。)
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英文疑难详解 139.at,in,of,on,to 等省略的用例
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请就惯常省略介词 at,in,of,on,to 等字的用例,分类说明一下。
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【解答】介词是英文八大词类之一,在英文的表现法中占有极为重要的地位,它不是可有可无的,美国话中常把它省略,并不表示它不存在,如果是写作的话,就不应该省略。兹分别举例如下:
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①省略了 at 的:
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What time will you start?(你何时动身?)
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My wife telephones me six o’clock from the mountain’s hotel.—— B. Tarkington(我太太六点钟从山中旅舍打电话来给我。)
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You must find board and room some place.—— Ibid(你必须在什么地方找到食宿之处。)
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美国口语中常爱用 some place,every place,any place, no place 来代替 somewhere, everywhere, anywhere, nowhere.单说 some place,也不说 at some place.
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“ I want to go somewhere,”was his answer. It was the same answer each time she asked him.—— Caldwell(“我要到什么地方去”,便是他的回答。每次她问,他都是同样的回答。)
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②省略了 in 的:
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You do it all your own way.—— Steinbeck(你把庭园完全照你自己的意思布置起来。)
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因为用了 all, every, any, that 等加强语气的字,而要略去介词,毋宁是当然的事,下例两种语法同时出现,是一个好的对照:
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There was a dance at the George Hall every Tuesday night, and the moving-pictures every Friday night, but there was no place to go during the rest of the week. Mary Jane went to the pictures on Friday night.—— Caldwell(每周二的晚上乔治厅有跳舞,每周五的晚上有电影,其余的日子就无处可去了。珍马丽周五晚上去看电影了。)
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“ Did pretty well out West, didn’t you?” asked the policeman.—— O. Henry(“你在西部搞得不错吧?”那警察问。)〔这是 out in the West 之略。〕
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