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但英文另有一句成语,似乎更接近中文的“逆来顺受”的说法,那就是 needs must when the devil drives(万不得已遇到恶魔开车也只好屈服),见《英华习语大全》,例如:
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“ What, you are in your tantrums again!” said she.“ Come along, Sir, needs must when the devil drives.”—— C. Reade(“怎么啦,你又发脾气了!”她说。“不要这样吧,最好逆来顺受呀。”)
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句中的 needs 为一个副词,在现代英语中,只能与 must 连用,普通 needs must (do)=cannot help (doing);(is) compelled to do.(必需;万不得已;必不可缺。)这个 needs must 不可与 must needs=must of necessity(必须,必需)混同,后者常含有讥讽的(sarcastic)意思,如:
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He must needs go away just when I wanted him.(正当我要他的时候,他偏偏要离去。)
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至于谚语的 What cannot be cured must be endured.也是逆来顺受的意思,照字面译时,可作“无可救药的事只好忍受”。
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英文疑难详解 189.“乔迁之喜”的英译
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祝贺友人迁入新居,我们常用“乔迁之喜”的成语不知英文应如何说法?
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【解答】有过翻译经验的人,都知道成语是不能直译的。到了非直译不可的时候,也得加上许多的注解,才能使读者明白。中文说的“乔迁之喜”这句成语是出自《诗经》的典故。《诗·小雅·伐木》:
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伐木丁丁,鸟呜嘤嘤,出自幽谷,迁于乔木。
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后人就用“乔迁”一辞,来祝贺人们的迁居,有时也用以称做官的人升官,与“左迁”相同。张籍《赠殷山人诗》便说:
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满堂虚左待,众目望乔迁。
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《孟子·滕文公上》,也引用了《诗经》的这个典故,说:
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吾闻出于幽谷,迁于乔木者,未闻下乔木而入于幽谷者。这段话 Legge 译作“ I have heard of birds leaving dark valleys to remove to lofty trees, but I have not heard of their descending from lofty trees to enter into dark valleys.”
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这是照字面直译的,读者把它当作一种比喻,也未尝不能了解其中的大意。如果再用《孟子》的典故,而说成“下乔入幽”一语,不懂得来历的人,就不会明白它是说舍高就卑的意思了。
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“乔迁”意译时,只说 to remove 就够了,要说得多一点,就是 to remove to a new house(迁入新居)。如果要把这个“乔”字的原义也翻译出来,则可说 to remove from a dwelling place as a bird flies from the dark valleys into the lofty trees.
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所谓“乔迁之喜”当然是一种祝贺之辞,在英文中当祝贺时习用的字眼是 congratulations(恭喜)。如:
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I beg to offer my congratulations on the New Year.(恭贺新年。)
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Please accept my sincere congratulations on your recovery from illness.(祝贺你康复。)
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贺“乔迁之喜”也同样可用此字,说 Congratulations on your removal to a new house. 如果仕途的升迁,说法就多少都带得有点中国味道,西方人如乔迁志喜,大开宴席,便叫做 housewarming.此字《韦氏新世界辞典》的定义是 a party given by or for someone moving into a new home.而《新世纪大辞典》则解释说 an entertainment given in a house to celebrate the beginning of one’s occupancy.意思都是为庆贺新居所举行的宴会,和我们说的“乔迁志庆”实在很接近呢。
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英文疑难详解 ⅩⅢ.成语的意义和用法
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