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【解答】an ambassador at large 是“无任所大使”,政府派往外国协办外交,不固定驻在某一国,所以他没有确定的任所,在英国则说 an ambassador plenipotentiary unattached,与内阁中的不管部大臣(a minister without portfolio)相似。至于 at large 一个片语,含义颇多,没有一定的译法,要看用在什么地方,才知道怎样翻译,现就其七种用法分别举例如下:
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(1)逍遥法外、在逃(free,not in jail):
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The culprit is still at large.(犯人仍未捕获。)
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(2)详细地(at full length,in complete detail):
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He discoursed on the subject at large.(他详细讨论了那个问题。)
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(3)胡乱地(at random):
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He scatters imputations at large.(他乱骂一阵。)
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(4)全体、一般(as a whole,in general):
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Badminton is now popular with the nation at large.(羽毛球现在在一般国民中颇为流行。)
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(5)未定、未决(unsettled):
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They purposely leave the matter at large.(他们故意让那问题久悬不决。)
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(6)无特定的任务。无固定的职业(without regular position,out of work):
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Mr. A is an ambassador at large. ( A 先生是一位无任所大使。)
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He is a gentleman at large.(他无固定职业;他失业。)
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(7)美国不分选区而为全州选出的(representing an entire State):
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He is a representative at large.(他是全州选出的议员。)
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英文疑难详解 197.Scotch on the rocks
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I’d like Scotch on the rocks.一句,英文译作“我喜欢在岩石上的苏格兰人。”似乎意义不明,不知道这句话到底是说的什么?
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【解答】on the rocks 是一个成语,当然是由航海用语而来的。如 rocks ahead 原意为“前面有暗礁”,转而成为“危险当前”的意思。同样地 on the rocks,原意是说“触到暗礁”,转而成为“床头金尽”、“身无分文”、“穷困不堪”的意思,例如:
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“ Can you lend me five dollars?” “ I am sorry that I am on the rocks myself just now.”(“你能借我五块钱吗?”“对不起,目下我本人也穷得要命。”)
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I heard by accident he was on the rocks; that’s how I make him that allowance.—— Galsworthy(我偶然听说他非常穷困;所以我要给他那笔津贴。)
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This sounded rather ominous. Perhaps he was on the rocks again.—— Isherwood(这个听来不是好的兆头。也许他又破产了。)
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在 Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language 上,对于这个成语有三个解释,即(1)in or into a condition of ruin or catastrophe.(2)without money; bankrupt.(3) served unmixed over ice cubes, as whisky.第一义为“进入毀灭或灾祸中”,第二义为“穷困;破产”,这和英国的意思没有两样,惟有第三义却是美国的特殊用法,意为“酒不掺水而加上冰块来喝”,正是质问中的例句的含义:
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