打字猴:1.70479693e+09
1704796930 这些句中的关系代名词 as 等字后面的动词,也是用的非人称动词,即是说 as 的先行词为 it(it 代表 He was absent 一句)。
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1704796935 英文疑难详解 [:1704787196]
1704796936 英文疑难详解 199.give the cold shoulder to
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1704796938 Dickens 在他著的 Old Curiosity Shop 一书中,有 He gives me the cold shoulder on this very matter.一句,不知应如何译法?请就 give the cold shoulder 这个成语,详为说明。
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1704796940 【解答】这句英文可译作“他在这件事情上待我冷淡”。凡是给人冷淡的待遇,表示对之厌恶或不喜欢,或者轻蔑,不理睬,就叫作 give the cold shoulder to him.生于美国后改入英国籍的作家 Henry James 在他的名著 Daisy Miller 一书中说:
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1704796942 “ What will they do to me?”(他们会怎样对待我呀?)
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1704796944 “ They will give you the cold shoulder. Do you know what means?”(他们会“给你冷肩”吧。你懂得那是什么意思吗?)
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1704796946 这是书中美国青年 Winterbourne 给一个美国少女的忠告,因为她跟意大利人 Giovanelli 同游,而引起在罗马的美国人的闲话。所以这里说的“给以冷肩”是指对某人的交游齿冷(to have a distaste for her company),或嗤之以鼻的意思。也许她从前的好朋友现在也因为她交上了那个外国流氓而不理睬她了,就说: The old friends she had once known so well gave her the cold shoulder.再看别的文人对这个成语的采用情形:
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1704796948 From that time his degeneration was rapid. The white people gave him the cold shoulder. They were only prevented from cutting him completely by disdainful pity.—— W. S. Maugham, The Trembling of a Leaf(从那时起他堕落得极为迅速。白人都对他持敬远态度,他们之所以没有完全与之绝交的,只是因为有点可怜他。)
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1704796950 Let me see the man who should give the cold shoulder to anybody I chose to protect and patronise.—— Dickens(我打算要来保护和照顾的人,谁要对他表示轻视的态度的,不妨出面给我看看。)
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1704796952 这个成语的来源为 the cold shoulder of mutton(一块冷的羊肩肉),后来略去了后面二字,而成现在的这个形式。原意是有些不速之客到来,坐着不走,到吃饭时,只好开饭给他吃,主妇对这不受欢迎的客人一肚子不高兴,碍于情面,随便拿点冷东西给他吃(an unappetizing dish),以免他下次再来打扰。因为后来把成语中的“羊肉的”字眼略去了的关系,世人不察,就把那原来的羊肩当作人肩看待,因此又产生了 turn a cold shoulder on 的一个说法,我们再看 W. S. Maugham 的短篇集 Cakes and Ale 书中的这个用法:
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1704796954 Than Roy no one could show a more genuine cordiality to a fellow novelist whose name was on everybody’s lips, but no one could more genially turn a cold shoulder on him when idleness, failure, or someone else’s success had cast a shade on his notoriety.(对于一个家喻戶晓的小说家同行,谁也不及拉伊那样表示真纯的热诚,但当懒惰、失败、别人的成功在这小说家的名声上投上一条暗影时,则拉伊比谁都要乐意地对他加以冷遇。)
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1704796956 从受到冷遇者的立场来说,便有:
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1704796958 She would be laughed at as a peasant or, even worse, receive the cold shoulder as a Puritan or prig.—— E. V. Lucas: A Visit to Nicotina House(她会被人当作一个乡下农妇而嘲笑的,或是更糟的,当作一个清教徒或拘守礼教者而不予理睬。)
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1704796960 单说“冷肩”,前面什么动词都不说也是可以的,如:
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1704796962 Sick of the eternal cold shoulder of the academic world, the young man is arranging for the publication of a worthy work.(厌恶学术界对他永远的冷淡,这青年正安排着出版一本有价值的著作。)
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1704796964 在十九世纪中叶以后,人们甚至把 cold-shoulder 当作动词来用了。
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1704796966 The young writer with fresh ideas was cold-shouldered.—— A. A. Milne: Secret Papers(那个有新观念的青年作家受到了冷遇。)
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1704796971 英文疑难详解 [:1704787197]
1704796972 英文疑难详解 200.a number of 和 the number of
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1704796974 在 Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English 的665页上,有 A number of books (=some books) is missing from the library.一例,为什么要接单数动词呢?括弧内说主语等于 some books,这分明是复数,自应接复数动词才对。请就 a number of 的用法,加以说明。
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1704796976 【解答】依照 Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language 上的解释是:a number of=several or many,意为“许多”,所以它后面必须接复数名词或代名词;既然是指的数,而且是指的多数,不是指的量,动词自然也应该用复数动词才合理,但老派的英国人因受“a”的牵引,也有用单数动词的,如质问中所提出的例子。不过多数的文法家,都认为用单数动词不算正当,因为逻辑上说不通。如能自圆其说,也就勉强可被接受了。例如:
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1704796978 (a)An increasing number of students have made use of the library.
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