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43柏拉图：《理想国》，郭斌和、张竹明译，商务印书馆2002年版，第74页。
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44同上书，第114页。
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45同上书，第121页。
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46同上书，第141，71，112页。
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47Plato，Laws，643 E，644 A；846 D.
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48William Barclay，Educational Ideals in Ancient World，p. 82.
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49Quintilian，Institutio Oratoria. Trans. by H. E. Butler，Loeb Classical Library，Cambridge：Harvard University Press，1920. I. 10.2226；I. 11. 18.
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50萨拉·B. 波默罗伊等：《古希腊政治、社会和文化史》，傅洁莹等译，上海三联书店2010年版，第298页。
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51M. L. Clarke，Higher Education in the Ancient World，London：Routledge & Kegan Paul，1971，p. 30.
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52Ibid.，p. 31.
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53Ibid.
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54萨拉·B. 波默罗伊等：《古希腊政治、社会和文化史》，第503—504页。
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55M. L. Clarke，Higher Education in the Ancient World，p. 11.
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56Ibid，p. 12.
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57Ibid.，pp. 1314.
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58R. R. Bolgar，The Classical Heritage and Its Beneficiaries，Cambridge：Cambridge University Press，1958，p. 30.
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59M. L. Clarke，Higher Education in the Ancient World，p. 41.
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60Quintilian，Institutio Oratoria，II. 10. 8.
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61St. Augustine，De Util. Cred，Vii. 16.，Quoted by M. L. Clarke，Higher Education in the Ancient World，p. 45.
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62R. R. Bolgar，The Classical Heritage and Its Beneficiaries，pp. 3233.
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63John P. McKay et al.，A History of Western Society，Third Edition，Boston：Houghton Mifflin，1987，p. 175.
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64Oswyn Murray，et al.，eds.，The Oxford History of the Roman World，New York：Oxford University Press，1991，p. 19.
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65James J. Murphy，ed.，Quintilian on the Teaching of Speaking and Writing：Translations from Books One，Two and Ten of the Institutio Oratoria，Edwardville：Southern Illinois University Press，1987，p. xx.
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66George Kennedy，Quintilian，New York：Twayne Publishers，1969，p. 24.
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67奥托·基弗：《古罗马风化史》，第410页。
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