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3William J. Bennett，“Education for Democracy，”Paper presented at the regular meeting of the Consejo Interamericano para la Education，la Cierncia，y la Cultura，Washington，D.C.，1985；Albert Shanker，“Education and Democratic Citizen，”Speech to the 1986 meeting of the American Federation of Teachers；Paulo Freire，The Politics of Education：Culture，Power and Liberation，South Hadley，M.A.：Bergin & Garvy，1985. All quoted by Joel Westheimer and Joseph Kahne，“Educating the ‘Good’ Citizen：Political Choices and Pedagogical Goals，”in Donovan R. Walling，ed.，Public Education，Democracy，and the Common Good，Bloomington，I.N.：Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation，2004，p. 30.
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4Christina Hoff Sommers，“How Moral Education Is Finding Its Way Back into American’s Schools，”in William Damon，ed.，Bring in a New Era in Character Education，Stanford，C.A.：Hoover Institution Press，2002，pp. 37，38.
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5See“The Six Pillars of Character，”http：//www.ncsu.edu/midlink/cc/cc.pillars.html.
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6Joel Westheimer and Joseph Kahne，“Educating the ‘Good’ Citizen：Political Choices and Pedagogical Goals，”pp. 33-34 .
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7托克维尔：《论美国的民主》下卷，第645页。
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8Benjamin Barber，Strong Democracy：Participatory Politics for a New Age，Berkeley，C.A.：University of California Press，1984，p. 118.
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9托克维尔：《论美国的民主》下卷，第645页。
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10同上书，第647页。
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11同上书，第648页。
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12亚里士多德：《尼各马科伦理学》，苗力田译，中国人民大学出版社2003年版，第10页。
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13同上书，第20页。
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14参见徐贲：《告别“送芒果”的礼物关系》，见《在傻子和英雄之间：群众社会的两张面孔》，花城出版社2010年版，第103—110页。
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15Quoted from B. Edward McClellan，Moral Education in America：Schools and the Shaping of Character from Colonial Times to the Present，New York：Teacher’s College，Columbia University，pp. 51，112，n. 5.
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16Hugh Hartshorne，Character in Human Relations，New York：Charles Scribner’s Sons，1932，p. 208.
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17John Dewey，Moral Principles in Education，Boston：Houghton Mifflin Co.，1909，p. 58.
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18亚里士多德：《尼各马科伦理学》，第2页。
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19Aristotle，The Politics，Ernest Barker，trans.，New York：Oxford University Press，1962，p. 7.
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20See Marc Bloch，Feudal Society，2 vols，Chicago：University of Chicago Press，1961.
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21Edward J. Power，Educational Philosophy：A History from the Ancient World to Modern America，New York：Garland Pub.，1996，p. 53.
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22Ibid.，p. 54.
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23蒙田：《蒙田随笔全集》上卷，潘丽珍等译，译林出版社1996年版，第166页。
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24Chantal Mouffe，“Democratic Citizenship and the Political Community，”in the Miami Theory Collective ed.，Community at Loose Ends，Minneapolis，M.N.：University of Minnesota Press，1991，p. 76
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25Edmund Burke，Reflections on the Revolution in France，New York：Liberal Arts Press，1790，1955，p. 197.
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26Jose Ortega y Gasset，The Revolt of the Masses，Anon trans.，New York：Norton，1932.
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27Michael Oakeshott，“The Masses in Representative Democracy，”in William Buckley，ed.，American Conservative Thought in the Twentieth Century，New York：Bobbs-Merrill，1970，pp. 118，121.
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