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7勒庞:《乌合之众》,冯克利译,中央编译出版社2004年版。
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8关于纳粹对报纸、媒体的控制,可参见朱庭光:《纳粹德国的文化控制与宣传机构》,http://cn.hqhot.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=193100。
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9Hannah Arendt,The Origins of Totalitarianism,pp. 376,376-377,378.
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10Ibid.,p. 341.
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11Randall L. Bytwerk,Bending Spines,p. 39.
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12Ibid.,p. 38.
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13吴潮、赵晓兰:《纳粹运动与德国青年》,http://www.uus8.com/a/71/05/35/013.htm。
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14同上。
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15勒庞:《乌合之众》,第101-106页。
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16Randall L. Bytwerk,Bending Spines,p. 42.
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17Randall L. Bytwerk,“Western and Totalitarian Views of Propaganda,”in Ted J. Smith III,ed.,Propaganda:A Pluralistic Perspective. New York:Praeger,1989,p. 45
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18Agitation,1973-1983 . Great Soviet Encyclopedia,Vol. 1:137-138 . New York:Macmillan,p. 137.
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19Ibid.,p. 138.
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20“From the Position of Openness,”Provda,trans. by Associated Publishers,March 16,3,1987.
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21Yevgeny Prokhorov,“The Marxist Press Concept,”in H. Fischer and J. Merril,eds.,International and Intercultural Communication,New York:Hastings House,1976,pp. 51-58 .
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22E. K. Bramsted,Goebbels and National Socialist Propaganda:1925-1945. E. Lansing,M.I:Michigan State University Press,1965,p. 429.
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23A. Panfilov,Broadcasting Pirates or Abuse of the Microphone:An Outline of External Political Radio Propaganda by the USA,Britain and the FRG,trans. by N. Bobrov. Moscow:Progress Publishers,1981,p. 76.
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24Michael Walzer,“On ‘Failed Totalitarianism’,”in Irvin Howe,ed.,1984 Revisited,New York:Harpe & Row,1983,p. 104.
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25Jacques Ellul,Propaganda:The Formation of Men’s Attitudes,New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1965,pp. 304 ff.
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26Michael Walzer,“On ‘Failed Totalitarianism’,”p. 105.
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27Ibid.,pp. 105-106 .
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28Ibid.,p. 106.
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29George L. Mosse,The Nationalization of the Maesses:Political Symbolism and Mass Movements in Germany from the Napoleonic Wars Through the Third Reich,New York:Howard Fertig,1975,p. 10.
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30Rudolf Herz,Hoffmann & Hitler:Fotografie als Medium des Führer-Mythos,Munich:Klinkhardt & Biermann,1994,p. 329.
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31Randall L. Bytwerk,Bending Spines,p. 17.
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