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12Ibid.，p. 38.
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13吴潮、赵晓兰：《纳粹运动与德国青年》，http：//www.uus8.com/a/71/05/35/013.htm。
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14同上。
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15勒庞：《乌合之众》，第101-106页。
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16Randall L. Bytwerk，Bending Spines，p. 42.
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17Randall L. Bytwerk，“Western and Totalitarian Views of Propaganda，”in Ted J. Smith III，ed.，Propaganda：A Pluralistic Perspective. New York：Praeger，1989，p. 45
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18Agitation，1973-1983 . Great Soviet Encyclopedia，Vol. 1：137-138 . New York：Macmillan，p. 137.
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19Ibid.，p. 138.
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20“From the Position of Openness，”Provda，trans. by Associated Publishers，March 16，3，1987.
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21Yevgeny Prokhorov，“The Marxist Press Concept，”in H. Fischer and J. Merril，eds.，International and Intercultural Communication，New York：Hastings House，1976，pp. 51-58 .
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22E. K. Bramsted，Goebbels and National Socialist Propaganda：1925-1945. E. Lansing，M.I：Michigan State University Press，1965，p. 429.
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23A. Panfilov，Broadcasting Pirates or Abuse of the Microphone：An Outline of External Political Radio Propaganda by the USA，Britain and the FRG，trans. by N. Bobrov. Moscow：Progress Publishers，1981，p. 76.
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24Michael Walzer，“On ‘Failed Totalitarianism’，”in Irvin Howe，ed.，1984 Revisited，New York：Harpe & Row，1983，p. 104.
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25Jacques Ellul，Propaganda：The Formation of Men’s Attitudes，New York：Alfred A. Knopf，1965，pp. 304 ff.
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26Michael Walzer，“On ‘Failed Totalitarianism’，”p. 105.
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27Ibid.，pp. 105-106 .
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28Ibid.，p. 106.
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29George L. Mosse，The Nationalization of the Maesses：Political Symbolism and Mass Movements in Germany from the Napoleonic Wars Through the Third Reich，New York：Howard Fertig，1975，p. 10.
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30Rudolf Herz，Hoffmann & Hitler：Fotografie als Medium des Führer-Mythos，Munich：Klinkhardt & Biermann，1994，p. 329.
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31Randall L. Bytwerk，Bending Spines，p. 17.
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32Ibid.，p. 27.
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33Ibid.，p. 29.
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34Ibid.，p. 15.
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35Ibid.
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36Ibid.，p. 28.
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