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[32]胡翼青：《对“魔弹论”的再思考》，《国际新闻界》2009年第8期。
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[33]Paul Lazarsfeld, “Communication Research and the Social Psychologist，” in W. Dennis, ed., Current Trends in Social Psychology, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1948, pp.218—273.
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[34]Elihu Katz, “Lazarsfeld’s Map of Media，” International Journal of Opinion Research, 13（3）, 2001.
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[35]其具体原因及反思见周葆华：《转型年代：效果研究的聚集与哥伦比亚学派的兴起》，《国际新闻界》2010年第4期。
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[36]Elihu Katz and Paul Lazarsfeld, Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication, Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1955, pp.16—17.
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[37]Deborah Lubken, “Remembering the Straw Man: The Travels and Adventures of Hypodermic，” in David W. Park, Jefferson Pooley, eds., The History of Media and Communication Research: Contested Memories, New York: Peter Lang, 2008.
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[38]〔美〕大卫•E.莫里森：《寻找方法：焦点小组和大众传播研究的发展》，柯惠新、王宁译，北京：新华出版社2004年版，第113—114页。
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[39]Paul F. Lazarsfeld, “Remarks on Administrative and Critical Communication Research，” Studies in Philosophy and Social Science, 9, 1941, pp.3—16.
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[40]Paul F. Lazarsfeld, “An Episode in the History of Social Research: A Memoir，” in Donald Fleming & Bernard Bailyn, eds., The Intellectual Migration: Europe and America, 1930—1960, Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1969, p．325.
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[41]Herta Herzog, “On Borrowed Experience，” Studies in Philosophy and Social Science, 11（1）, 1941.
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[42]见〔美〕大卫•E.莫里森：《寻找方法：焦点小组和大众传播研究的发展》，柯惠新、王宁译，北京：新华出版社2004年版。
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[43]David Morrison, “Kultur and Culture: the Case of Theodor Adorno and P．F. Lazarsfeld，” Social Research, 45, 1978, pp.347—359.
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[44]〔美〕大卫•E.莫里森：《寻找方法：焦点小组和大众传播研究的发展》，柯惠新、王宁译，北京：新华出版社2004年版，第178页。
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[45]〔美〕大卫•E.莫里森：《寻找方法：焦点小组和大众传播研究的发展》，柯惠新、王宁译，北京：新华出版社2004年版，第185—186页。
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[46]〔英〕David Morley：《电视、观众与文化研究》，冯建三译，台北：远流出版公司1995年版，第85—90页。
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[47]Elihu Katz and Paul Lazarsfeld, Personal Influence: The Part Played by People in the Flow of Mass Communication, Glencoe, IL: Free Press, 1955, p．320.
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[48]Elihu Katz, Jay G. Blumler & Michael Gurevitch, “Utilization of Mass Communication by the Individual，” in Jay G. Blumler & Elihu Katz, eds., The Use of Mass Communication: Current Perspectives on Gratifications Research, Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1974.
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[49]普林斯顿广播项目的负责人是普林斯顿大学的坎特里尔，但实际执行人是拉扎斯菲尔德，他当时在纽瓦克大学兼任讲师，所以研究室实际设在纽瓦克。
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[50]Theodor Adorno, “Scientific Experiences of a European Scholar in America，” in Donald Fleming & Bernard Bailyn, eds., The Intellectual Migration: Europe and America, 1930—1960, Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1969, p．342.
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[51]Paul F. Lazarsfeld, “Remarks on Administrative and Critical Communication Research，” Studies in Philosophy and Social Science, 9, 1941, pp.3—16.
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[52]Todd Gitlin, “Media Sociology: The Dominant Paradigm，” Theory and Society, 6, 1978.
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[53]James W. Carey, “The Ambiguity of Policy Research，” Journal of Communication, 28（2）, 1978, pp.114—119.
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[54]〔美〕C.赖特•米尔斯：《社会学的想象力》，陈强、张永强译，北京：生活•读书•新知三联书店2001年版，第71页。
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[55]〔美〕大卫•E.莫里森：《寻找方法：焦点小组和大众传播研究的发展》，柯惠新、王宁译，北京：新华出版社2004年版，第154页。
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[56]Paul F. Lazarsfeld, “The Sociology of Empirical Social Research，” American Sociological Review, 27（6）, 1962.
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