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153 been
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been常用来表示“去某处”或“来某处”:
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Where have you been all these years?这些年你都在哪里?
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They have been to the zoo.他们到动物园去过。
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Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你到过杭州吗?
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Rose has just been here.罗斯刚来过这里。
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这时若用go或come则表示人仍在那(这)里:
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She’s gone to town.她进城去了。(她可能还在城里。)
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Your boy friend has come.你的男朋友来了。(现在就在这里。)
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而用has been则表示“来过”、“去过”,与现在状态无关:
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She has been there twice.那儿她去过两次。
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The postman’s already been.邮差已经来过。
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另外have (has) been后还可以跟一个不定式,表示去干什么了:
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I’ve been to see my grandmother.我去看我奶奶去了。
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154 before (as a preposition)
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before可用作介词,表示:
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在……前面:
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We use ‘a’ before a consonant and ‘an’ before a vowel.我们在辅音前用a,在元音前用an。
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Don’t talk like that before children.在孩子面前不要这样讲话。
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To put the cart before the horse.本末倒置。(谚语)
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在表示“在……前面”时,用in front of时更多:
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At the moment a girl passed in front of him.这时一个姑娘从他前面走过。
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I parked the car in front of the building.我把车停在楼前。
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但用于引申意义时,一般用before:
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