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clause是一个包含主语和谓语的结构。
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简单句(simple sentence)只包含一个这样的主谓结构:
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What are you looking for?你在找什么?
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We took a taxi home.我们坐出租车回家了。
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并列句(compound sentence)包含两个或更多这种结构(称为分句),由并列连词连接:
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I went and she went also.我去了,她也去了。
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I would have written before but I have been ill. 本该早给你写信的,但我病了。
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You can come now or you can meet us there later. 你可以现在来,也可以稍晚和我们在那里碰头。
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复合句(complex sentence)包含一个这样的主谓结构充当一个句子成分,称为从句(subordinate clause),与它相对,句子的主要部分(即它的主语和谓语)称为主句(main clause)。根据在句中的不同作用,从句又分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句、状语从句等。
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237 Cleft Sentences
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有时为了强调可以把句子中的一部分提前,而把其他部分变为一种定语从句,如:
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(例句译文省略)
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Nancy saw a snake in the garden.
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也可对动词加以强调,甚至对整个句子加以强调:
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The girl cried for help.
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可改为What the girl did was (to) cry for help.
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A young boy drove the car away.
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可改为What happened was (that) a young boy drove the car away.
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还有一种强调的办法,就是使用it,如:
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Helen found the key on her bed yesterday.
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这种强调句也可使用否定结构:
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It wasn’t my brother who found the key… It was Helen who…
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