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the economics of the timber trade 木材工业的效益
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economy也是名词，表示“经济”：
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The nation’s economy is growing rapidly. 国家的经济迅速增长。
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These strikes were damaging the country’s economy. 这些罢工损害这个国家的经济。
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也可表示“节约”（复数形式表示节约措施）：
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He has no need to practice economy. 他没有必要实行节约。
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It might be necessary to make a few economies. 可能有必要采取一些节约措施。
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economic是形容词，表示“经济上的”：
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We need a rational economic system. 我们需要一个合理的经济制度。
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We bought a small car for economic reasons. 出于经济上的原因我们买了一辆小车。
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economical也是形容词，表示“节约的”：
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One must be economical of one’s time. 我们必须节约时间。
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He was industrious and economical. 他勤劳而又节省。
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张道真英语用法（大众珍藏版·第二版） [:1704917352]
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346 -ed Adjective
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-ed adjectives主要表示以-ed结尾的形容词，也包含一些不以-ed结尾的过去分词，为了方便，都称作-ed adjectives。
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这类形容词多数由及物动词的过去分词变成，因此有被动意思，可作表语，也可用作定语：
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这类形容词很多，常见的有：
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amused astonished broken closed completed complicated confused covered crowded decided delighted deserted devoted disappointed discouraged distinguished dressed excited finished frightened illustrated injured interested known lined lost married offended pleased puzzled qualified reserved satisfied surprised surrounded tired unexpected unknown unmarried unqualified worried wounded 有些这类形容词并无被动意思，而有完成的意思，如：
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My father is a retired general (＝a general who has retired). 我父亲是一位退休将军。
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The escaped convict (＝convict who had escaped) has been captured. 逃犯已被抓获。
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下面这些都属于这一类：
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accumulated dated escaped faded fallen retired swollen wilted 还有一些这类形容词，意思和有关动词的意思有些差异，如：
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She is attached to the place. 她很喜欢这个地方。