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1704940160 张道真英语用法(大众珍藏版·第二版) [:1704917501]
1704940161 491 if
1704940162
1704940163 if引起的从句称为条件从句(conditional clauses),整个句子称为条件句(conditional sentences)。
1704940164
1704940165 条件句可分两类,一类称为真实条件句(sentences of real condition)。这类句子表示一个可能存在的情况。如谈现在或将来情况,从句中的谓语要用现在时态
1704940166
1704940167 I must leave if that is the case.如果情况如此,我必须走了。
1704940168
1704940169 If you are not free this evening, I’ll come some other day.如果你今晚没空,我就改天再来。
1704940170
1704940171 If you can’t find the book, it doesn’t matter.这本书你要是找不到也没关系。
1704940172
1704940173 从句中也可能包含别的时态:
1704940174
1704940175 I hope you will forgive me if I have given you pain.如果我给了你痛苦,希望你原谅我。
1704940176
1704940177 If she said so, she’s a liar.如果她说了这样的话,她就是一个撒谎者。
1704940178
1704940179 They sat on the grass if it was fine.(那时)如果天气好,他们就坐在草地上。
1704940180
1704940181 If it was raining, we usually stayed indoors.如果天下雨,我们通常都待在室内。
1704940182
1704940183 有时条件从句表示纯粹假设的情况,这种句子称虚拟条件句(sentences of unreal condition)。这类条件句中的谓语要用特殊的形式。
1704940184
1704940185 如果谈的是过去的情况,条件从句的谓语形式相当于过去完成时,主句中的谓语由“would have+过去分词”构成:
1704940186
1704940187 If I had thought of it, I would have talked to mother.如果我想到了,我都会跟妈妈讲了。(但我没想到。)
1704940188
1704940189 If she had been more cautious, she wouldn’t have made that mistake.如果她细心点儿,她不会犯这个错误。(但不够细心,因而犯了错误。)
1704940190
1704940191 在主句谓语中,有时可由could或might构成:
1704940192
1704940193 If we had left a little earlier, we could have caught the train.如果我们早点儿动身,我们就可能赶上火车了。(但我们动身晚了一点儿。)
1704940194
1704940195 I might have forgotten the whole thing if Mary hadn’t reminded me.要不是玛丽提醒我,我可能把整个这件事都忘记了。(幸亏她提醒了我。)
1704940196
1704940197 有时也可能是谈现在或将来纯粹假设、存在的可能性不大的情况。这时从句中的谓语形式一般相当于一般过去时,主句中的谓语由“would(might或could)+动词原形”构成。
1704940198
1704940199 If you had your choice, where would you go?如果你自己能选择,你会去哪里呢?(当然你不能自己选择。)
1704940200
1704940201 If you knew the circumstances you would (might) forgive me.如果你了解情况,你是(可能)会原谅我的。(可惜你不了解。)
1704940202
1704940203 If I had another £500, I could buy a car.如果我再有500镑,我可以买辆车。
1704940204
1704940205 从句中的谓语如果是be,多用were这个形式,不管是什么人称:
1704940206
1704940207 If there were anything to tell, I would tell you.如果有什么事,我会告诉你的。(不过目前没什么事。)
1704940208
1704940209 You wouldn’t be anywhere if it were not for Ruth.若不是有鲁思,你不会有任何成就。(幸亏有她。)
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