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If you knew the circumstances you would (might) forgive me.如果你了解情况,你是(可能)会原谅我的。(可惜你不了解。)
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If I had another £500, I could buy a car.如果我再有500镑,我可以买辆车。
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从句中的谓语如果是be,多用were这个形式,不管是什么人称:
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If there were anything to tell, I would tell you.如果有什么事,我会告诉你的。(不过目前没什么事。)
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You wouldn’t be anywhere if it were not for Ruth.若不是有鲁思,你不会有任何成就。(幸亏有她。)
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If I were you, I‘d go to night school.我要是你,我会上夜校。
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但在日常口语中,在第一、第三人称单数后,用was的时候也不少:
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If John was (were) here, he would know.如果约翰在这里,他是会知道的。
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There would be endless rows if I was at home.如果我在家,会有吵不完的架。
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虚拟条件句中这类特殊的动词形式多数语法学家都称为虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood)。由于存在着一些争议,有些词典避免用这个名称。这类句子有时可用来使语气显得客气一些:
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It would be nice if you helped me a bit with the housework.如果你能帮我做点儿家务活就好了。
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Would it be all right if I came round about seven tomorrow?明天七点左右我来合适吗?
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Would it be all right if I brought a friend tonight?今晚要是我带一个朋友来可以吗?
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另外if还可引起宾语从句,表示“是否”:
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I asked them if they had any rooms to lent.我问他们是否有房子出租。
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I wonder if I can get some advice from you.我想知道你能否给我出点儿主意。
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I’ll go and see if he wants anything.我去看他是否需要什么。
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还可引起某些短语,如:
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as if 仿佛,就像(后面从句中的谓语多用虚拟语气):
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He ordered me about as if I were his wife.他对我发号施令,就仿佛我是他妻子似的。
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He behaves as if he owned the place.他表现得就像他是这里的主人。
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even if 即使:
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We’ll go even if it rains.即使下雨我们也去。
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He’ll come even if he’s ill.他即使生病也会来。
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if need be 如果必要的话:
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