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（1）构成进行时态或进行式：
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所有进行时态均由助动词“be＋现在分词”构成：
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Are you going？你去吗？
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Her heart was beating violently．她的心猛烈地跳着。
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I’ll be here. I’ll be helping you．我将待在这里，帮助你们。
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How long have you been waiting？你等多久了？
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一些其他进行式也由它构成：
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It’s nice to be sitting here with you．现在和你坐在一起很好。
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Can she still be working？难道她还在工作？
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You must be joking．你准是在说笑话。
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I ought to be going．我该走了。
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（2）用作表语（或称补语）：
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The food smells inviting．这菜香味怡人。
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The matter is pressing．这件事很紧急。
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The reason is not very convincing．这个理由不太有说服力。
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能这样用的分词很多，不少都已变成形容词，常见的有：
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alarming amazing amusing annoying appalling astonishing bewildering boring challenging charming confusing convincing depressing disappointing discouraging disgusting distressing disturbing embarrassing enchanting encouraging exciting frightening humiliating inspiring interesting inviting misleading obliging pleasing pressing promising refreshing rewarding shocking surprising terrifying thrilling touching tiring （3）用作定语：
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He is a promising young man．他是一个很有希望的青年。
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It’s a booming town．这是一座迅速繁荣起来的城市。
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Food will not get cheaper under existing conditions．在现在情况下食品不会便宜下来。
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除了上面列出的现在分词外，还有不少分词可以这样用，如：
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bleeding booming declining decreasing developing diminishing dwindling dying existing following growing increasing leading living loving missing moving prevailing recurring reigning remaining resounding retreating rising ruling running smiling surrounding telling threatening travelling trying 在用现在分词作定语时，它在意思上接近一个定语从句，如：
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developing countries＝countries that are developing
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a growing city＝a city that is growing
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在更多情况下，作定语的分词（短语）都放在所修饰词的后面，意思上和从句差不多：
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