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air atmosphere beer brass bronze cake cheese china cloth coffee copper cotton dye fabric fertilizer fire fuel fur gas glue gold ice ink iron jam juice liquid lotion meat medicine metal milk oil ointment ore paint paper perfume pesticide plastic poison rain ribbon salad salt sand sauce silver snow soap soil soup steel stone sugar tea water whisky wine wood wool 物质名词一般是不可数的，有时可用于复数形式，表示不同种类的或几份的：
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Copper and silver are both metals．铜和银都是金属。
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Coal, wood and oil are fuels．煤、木头和油都是燃料。
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Two beers, please．请给我两杯啤酒。
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They supplied various soups．他们提供各式各样的汤。
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Four teas．四杯茶。
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有时复数形式表示数量之多：
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Four miles to the east of them lay the blue waters of Lake Michigan．在他们以东4英里是密执安湖蔚蓝的湖水。
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We have all heard of the sands of the seashore．我们都听说过海岸边的大片沙滩。
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It was now the time of the spring rains．现在是春雨季节。
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有时在单数前可加不定冠词，表示“一种”、“一阵”等：
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Magnolias have a wonderful perfume．木兰花有一种奇妙的香味。
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It was a wonderful tea．这是一种特别好的茶。
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A fine rain began to fall．开始下起一阵小雨。
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抽象名词表示抽象概念，下面是一些常见的抽象名词：
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absence access affection agriculture anger beauty behaviour cancer capacity childhood comfort concern confidence courage death democracy depression design duty education electricity energy environment evil existence experience failure faith fashion fear finance freedom fun growth happiness health help history independence industry information insurance intelligence joy justice knowledge labour loneliness love luck magic marriage mercy music nature patience peace philosophy policy poverty power progress pride protection purity reality relief religion research respect safety security silence sleep strength status teaching technology time trade training transport travel trust truth violence waste wealth weather welfare work worth youth 抽象名词一般是不可数的，但在个别情况下却可以加不定冠词：
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He had a warm affection for his mother．他对妈妈有一种温馨的感情。
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It’s a comfort to be with you．和你在一起是一种安慰。
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What a joy to have you with us．有你和我们在一起是多么高兴的事。
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有时还可用于复数形式：
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Friendship multiplies joys and divides griefs．友谊能增加欢乐、分担悲痛。
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The hotel has all modem comforts．这家酒店有各种舒适的设备。
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Her warm affections are centred on her cousin．她热切的感情都集中在她表哥身上。
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修饰名词的介词短语：
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名词，特别是抽象名词后常可跟一个介词短语，完成其意思。有些跟一个由to引起的短语：
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