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abstract accent ally combine conduct conflict conscript construct contest contrast convert convict defect desert dictate discount escort export extract frequent import increase insult intrigue object perfect permit present produce progress project prospect protest rebel record recount refund reject reprint subject survey suspect torment transfer transport 另外有些词用作不同词类时,读音有少许变化,例如:
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advocate /ˈædvəkeit/ v. He advocated a change of policy.他主张改变政策 /ˈædvəki(ə)t/ n. He was an advocate of free trade.他提倡自由贸易。 associate /əˈsəuʃieit/ v. I didn’t want to associate with it.我不愿和它发生联系。 /əˈsəuʃiət/ n. They are business associates.他们是商业上的伙伴。 duplicate /ˈdjuːplikeit/ v. Please duplicate this letter.请把这信复印一份。 /ˈdjuːpliki(ə)t/ n. Keep a duplicate of the lette.保留这封信的复印件。 separate /ˈsepəreit/ v. She soon separated from him.她不久和他分手了。 /ˈsepəri(ə)t/ adj. The children sleep in separate beds.孩子们分床睡。 下面这些词都有这个现象:
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advocate appropriate approximate articulate associate consummate degenerate delegate deliberate designate duplicate elaborate estimate graduate initiate intimate moderate separate subordinate 此外,有一些以-se结尾的词,在作动词时读/z/,作名词或形容词时读/s/,如:
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作名词或形容词 作动词 house /haus/ (n.) /hauz/ use /juːs/ (n.) /juːz/ abuse /əˈbjuːs/ (n.) /əˈbjuːz/ excuse /ikˈskjuːs/ (n.) /ikˈskjuːz/ misuse /ˈmisjuːs/ (n.) /ˈmisjuːz/ refuse /ˈrefjuːs/ (n.) /riˈfjuːz/ close /kləus/ (adj.) /kləuz/ diffuse /diˈfjuːs/ (adj.) /diˈfjuːz/ 还有一些词,随着词类的不同,读音也不同,如:
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content /ˈkɔntent/ n. /kənˈtent/ adj./v. attribute /ˈætribjuːt/ n. /əˈtribjuːt/ v. implement /ˈimplimənt/ n. /ˈimpliment/ v. complement /ˈkɔmplimənt/ n. /ˈkɔmpliment/ v. mouth /mauθ/ n. /mauð/ v. lives /laivz/ n. /livz/ v. overall /ˈəuvərɔːl/ n. /ˌəuvərˈɔːl/ adj. overflow /ˈəuvəfləu/ n. /ˌəuvəˈfləu/ v. overthrow /ˈəuvəθrəu/ n. /ˌəuvəˈθrəu/ v. underground /ˈʌndəɡraund/ adj. /ˌʌndəˈɡraund/ adv. upset /ˈʌpset/ n. /ʌpˈset/ v. 933 work—job—occupation—employment—profession—task
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work可作动词和名词。作动词时主要表示“工作”:
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Henry works in a bank.亨利在一家银行工作。
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Miss Diana has been working very well.戴安娜小姐一直工作得很好。
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They worked on until late in the afternoon.他们工作到下午很晚的时候。
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作名词时也主要表示“工作”:
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I cannot find work in this town.我无法在这座城市找到工作。
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The machine can do the work of three men.这台机器能干三个人的工作。
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When his work wasn’t going right, he was restless.工作进行不顺利时他感到不安。
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还可表示具体的工作、职务、活计等:
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I go to work at 9.我9点上班。
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I am taking some work home to do this evening.我准备带些活回家去干。
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也可表示“作品”(可数):
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Measure for Measure is a hard work to understand.《一报还一报》是一部难懂的作品。
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This painting is one of Matisse’s greatest works.这幅画是马蒂斯最伟大的作品之一。
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His best known work was his Sixth Symphony.他最著名的作品是他的第六交响曲。
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复数形式可表示“工厂”:
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The steel works is closed for the holidays.假日中钢厂关门了。
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He burnt his hands at the glass works.他在玻璃厂把手烫伤了。
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