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It ran in his knowledge before he ever saw it. It loomed and towered in his dreams before he even saw the unaxed woods where it left its crooked print, shaggy, tremendous, red-eyed, not malevolent but just big, too big for the dogs which tried to bay it, for the horses which tried to ride it down, for the men and the bullets they fired into it; too big for the very country which was its constricting scope.
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● 大熊不但在时间里行走,也在我们小说的主人公的思想里占着很重要的地位,它在他的脑筋里(knowledge姑且译成“脑筋”吧)奔跑。
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● before he ever saw it 使我们想起上一句里的without ever having seen it。这好像是歌辞里的重复句(refrain),作者有时是模仿音乐的技巧的。前面的to earn for himself和had earned for himself,再前面的it had begun和it had already begun都有同样的作用。
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● loomed:浮现着。大抵指模糊的可是大而可怕的东西。towered的意义在这里同loomed差不多,但是这个字有两层特殊意义:一、像塔一样的高;二、所指的东西比较具体。
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● unaxed:未经斧斤的。森林还没有经过砍伐。print:脚印。crooked:歪曲的,因为大熊的一只脚是受伤的。
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● “where”clause的主语it有五个形容词形容它。五个之中,前两个shaggy和tremendous在上一句已经见过,三个是新添的:red-eyed,not malevolent(并没有恶意,并不存心害人),big(只是“大”而已)。
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● 下面跟着几个平行的too big for…的phrases。
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(1)对于那些想阻挡它的猎狗,它是太大了。bay的意思不单是bark at,也有bring it to bay(使陷入困境)之意。
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(2)ride it down:赶上它(指骑马的人)。
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(3)对于人和他们所放射的枪弹,它也太大了。
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(4)对于这个区域(country),它也太大了。constricting:限制它的。scope:范围。very当adjective用,指“就是”这一个区域。
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四层意思,一层比一层紧,修辞学上称为climax(渐进法)。最后说出那个地方根本容纳不了它。(前面讲legend的地方,也是用的渐进法。)
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现代英文选评注 The Whistle寒笛
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Eudora Welty (1909—2001)
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本文是尤多拉·韦尔蒂所著短篇小说首集《绿幕》(A Curtain of Green)里的一篇。韦尔蒂女士是美国南部密西西比州人,著有多种长篇小说,短篇小说已集于Collected Stories(1980)。她的短篇小说剪裁经济,勾画生动,笔触轻灵,含意丰富,堪入世界名作之列。
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Night fell. The darkness was thin, like some sleazy dress that has been worn and worn for many winters and always lets the cold through to the bones. Then the moon rose. A farm lay quite visible, like a white stone in water, among the stretches of deep woods in their colorless dead leaf. By a closer and more searching eye than the moon’s everything belonging to the Mortons’ might have been seen—even to the tiny tomato plants in their neat rows closest to the house, gray and featherlike, appalling in their exposed fragility. The moonlight covered everything, and lay upon the darkest shape of all, the farmhouse where the lamp had just been blown out.
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● sleazy:稀薄的。黑夜比作一件不能御寒的敝衣。lets的主语是关系代名词that,the cold是它的宾语。through是副词,作用和pass through相同,“让它穿过”,to是介词。
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● visible(清楚可辨)是complement,形容主语farm(田庄)。田庄之在月色之中,犹如水中白石,这样比说“月色如水”要高明一筹。
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● stretch原意是一长条,stretches并不是几条,而是绵延不断的一块或一片:一片深林。leaf在这里是collective noun,即等于leaves。colorless:黑、白、灰,皆为无色。
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● the Mortons’在文法上称为absolute genitive,把后面应该跟的名词house(莫顿夫妇的家)省掉了。这一句是被动语态,又是虚拟式。我们不知道有没有一只眼睛,可以比月亮看得更仔细,更能洞察一切,假如有的话,莫顿家每一样东西都可“被”(即句首之By)它看见了。这只眼睛应该是小说家的眼睛。
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● 但是作者并没有列举他们家里的东西,在横线之后只举了一件东西:番茄田。替番茄防冻是本篇的主题,别的东西自可以不提,写短篇小说不得不注意描写上的经济。
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● even to的to=as far as:每样东西都可以看见,即小至小小的番茄秧,也可以看见。后面跟着几个形容tomato plants的字。featherlike:像羽毛似的,指番茄的茎叶而言。fragility:脆弱。exposed:暴露(在寒夜中)的,番茄这样暴露着,使人惊心(appalling)。
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● the farmhouse是the shape的同位语。
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