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● 这一种想法是幻想的破灭，也可以说是智慧（wisdom）的开始。鸢飞鱼跃，生机活泼，啸傲园林，逍遥自在，素为人生理想所寄，叵奈现实世界不容此种理想乎？Phoebe初居农村时，未尝不想过一种无挂无牵顺乎自然的生活，对于遨游田野追逐苹果香味的小牛，未尝不心向往之。曾几何时，小牛身陷绝境，丧生枪下；当初放纵之者，歆羡之者，今竟束手不能救，而且可能要割其皮而食其肉，“分尝一脔”矣。现实世界果如是之残酷乎？无论如何，Phoebe经此事变，心灵上可以说是成熟了。浪漫之梦既破，提起勇气，正视现实，负起做人的责任，其人生之正途乎？就文学流派而言：追求理想，无拘无束，是浪漫主义之文学也；知理想之终归幻灭，拘束之不可避免，此写实主义之文学也。写实主义在二十世纪文学为一大潮流，本文不过一小小的例子而已。
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● 最后Phoebe挟了木柴，进厨房去生火煮饭，又是一天枯燥的主妇生活要开始了。然而人生的意义是不是就在这枯燥平凡之中呢？
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现代英文选评注 A Visit to the Grandfather’s Grave扫墓
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James Turner Jackson
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本文选自Mentor Books（木铎丛书）出的New World Writing第一辑，原题“The Visit”，叙述一个老祖母拖了她的小孙儿上坟的故事。文中描写着重之处，在那个行将就木的老祖母对于坟墓的变态的恋念，和小孙儿对于这个“苦差使”的厌恶和恐惧，以及老少二人之间心理关系的紧张。全文颇不易读，这里所选几段，约当原文篇幅的十分之一，虽然深刻不如原来那篇小说，但仍不失为一篇很好的叙事文。作者杰克逊是美国密西根州人，曾在华盛顿州立大学执教，有短篇小说和论文多篇问世。
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In the winter, three years ago, his grandfather died. For almost a year, then, his grandmother never left town. She kept up her garden, and tended the ceremonial plants growing in the bay windows of her house.
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● keep up=keep in proper state：使园中花木茂盛。tended：照料，整修灌溉。ceremonial：礼节上应用的；预备供在坟前的（植物）。bay windows：凸窗；窗往外凸出，窗内因此可多吸收阳光。
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In the late afternoon, most often, the car was filled with flowers, and together they drove out to a nearby cemetery where his grandfather was. They were going to see (so she told him each time they went) how his grandfather’s grave was getting on. After the car was unloaded, and the flowers and shears and transplanting pots arranged in orderly rows beside the grave, she would send him down to the standpipe with a pail for water. In this manner, his work began. And when he finished the watering, she would set him to picking up fallen leaves and twigs. Not a moment was wasted.
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● drove out：驾车出去。cemetery：公墓。
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● how…was getting on：情形怎么样了。第二句的括弧中语：他们每次出去扫墓，祖母都要对他这样说。
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● unloaded：把车上的东西搬下来。shears：（刈花草用之）剪刀。pots：花盆。transplanting：移植用的；有些花得先种在盆里，然后再移植到地上去。arranged in orderly rows：整整齐齐地排列成行。arranged前面省去were一字。
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● standpipe：竖管（直立于地上的自来水管）。pail：水桶。祖母差他下去打水去，打了水来浇花（watering），浇完了花，再去捡地上的枯枝败叶。
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● set him to…：使他去做某一件工作。注意：to的后面跟动名词（或名词）。
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It was the year when his grandmother was still very clear, and very rigid about what she wanted. By her reckoning, every plot in the cemetery, save hers alone, was poorly tended. Each time a flower was cut or trimmed by her hand, she counted off the number of its blossoms. And pointing to an adjoining grave, she would often shake her head, and wonder how it was that people were so shiftless and lazy-minded and ignorant. She herself would be painstaking unto the last detail; and for this, if for no other reason, always brought with her a mail-order catalogue, to which she might have immediate recourse for pictures—together with complete descriptions—of monuments fashioned of enduring granite, perpetual marble.
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● clear：神志清明。那年她的神志还好，以后就差了。rigid：严格的。她所要办的，一定得办到。
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● by her reckoning：由她看来。plot：地段。墓里的地，一家一块。她认为别家的地都照料得不好。save=except：除了她家的一块以外。
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● a flower：本来可解释作“一朵花”，但这里应作“一棵花”，与its blossoms（它上面的花朵）相对。她每次亲手修（trimmed）剪（cut）一棵花，她一定要把上面的花朵数清楚（counted off）。
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● an adjoining grave：邻近的一座坟。她常常指着边上的一座坟，摇头叹息，奇怪别人怎么这样地想不出主意（shiftless），不肯动脑筋（lazy-minded），而且没有知识（ignorant）。how it was…中之it代表that所引起之名词性从句“这到底是怎么一回事”。
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● painstaking：非常仔细，决不马虎。unto是to的较古的形式。
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● for this, if for no other reason：为了这个，假如不是为了别个理由。理由可能还有别的，可是我们就拿这点理由来说吧：因为她决不马虎，所以扫墓的时候她还要来研究坟前应该配什么样的一块墓碑（monuments也可能包括雕像、牌坊、墓亭等的意思，但这里只是墓碑而已）。
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● mail-order catalogue：（商店之）函购目录。美国有些大商店，印了很讲究的函购目录，附有详细图文说明。照本文看来，似乎连墓碑都可以函购的。
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● to which之to照语法结构应连在后面recourse之后。have recourse to：用来帮忙，用来参考。immediate：立刻（就用得着）。
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● pictures应和of monuments相连。她要打开目录来，看墓碑的图画。fashioned：制造。granite：花岗石。marble：大理石。enduring和perpetual在这里意义相仿：可以永垂不朽的。
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