打字猴:1.705003313e+09
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1705003314 ● set(过去分词):安放。各物如置玻璃之中,纹丝不动,明净耀目。transplendent为罕见之字,解作very resplendent(十分光亮)。(按:此句上应题意。)
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1705003316 So the day passed as we steamed on through the snows, higher ever north. The sun set early. Then the light was gone, the snows were gray—and soon after we ran into a blizzard. Now from the warm and easy carriage nothing was to be seen: only the drive of snow hailing by, and the white steam and smoke of the forward engine driven down past the windows by the weight of the wind.
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1705003318 ● steamed:坐火车进行(火车借蒸汽发动)。higher ever north:愈北则地势愈高。
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1705003320 ● blizzard:大风雪。
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1705003322 ● drive of snow:雪风猛扑。hailing by:势如冰雹,在窗外吹过。
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1705003324 We steamed out of the blizzard into clear cloud-high height. A hidden moon shone a starshine light over the snow, giving to things mysterious visibility but no exact shape. Then the train passed the last station, and curled round towards Trondheim. A grinding of iron brakes, a jolt of luggage, and the train came expiring its last steam to a halt. Outside, a babel of fresh faces to receive us the stiff and weary.
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1705003326 ● cloud-high height:与云高相齐之高地。mysterious visibility:神秘的可视性。but no exact shape:朦胧可见,疑真疑幻,形体模糊。
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1705003328 ● curled round:盘旋而行。Trondheim:挪威中部海港。
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1705003330 ● brakes:煞车;grinding:磨擦(动作或声音)。jolt:晃动。luggage:行李。连用两个不定冠词“a”——煞车这么“克拉”一煞,行李这么来回一晃,很能表示停车一刹那间的情形。expiring:吐气。came to a halt:停止。
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1705003332 ● babel:嘈杂混乱的景象(原出《旧约·创世纪》十一章一节至九节)。stiff:(四肢)僵硬。跋涉一天之后,目的地已到,旅客个个身乏骨直,车外喧哗以迎者,皆“生人面孔”也。
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1705003337 现代英文选评注 [:1705000316]
1705003338 现代英文选评注 A Hemingway Sample海明威的写作技巧
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1705003340 Caroline Gordon (1895—1981)
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1705003342 海明威是美国最重要的小说家之一,他对小说艺术的贡献,非本文所能详论。本文只是选海氏原文一段,加以评注,也许可以帮助读者对于海氏写作技巧的了解。
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1705003344 评注者卡洛琳·戈登为美国小说家,曾有长短篇小说多种问世。本文原题“Notes on Hemingway and Kafka,”发表于Sewanee Review 1949年春季号。卡洛琳·戈登后与Allen Tale(1899—1979,美国名批评家、诗人,历任北卡罗来纳、普林斯顿、纽约、芝加哥、明尼苏达各大学教授)合辑小说评选集,书名《小说之屋》(The House of Fiction, N. Y., 1950),书中对于海明威有较详尽之评介。此处所录几段,亦见于该书。
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1705003346 Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms begins:
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1705003348 “In the late summer of that year we lived in a house in a village that looked across the river and the plains to the mountains. In the bed of the river there were pebbles and boulders, dry and white in the sun, and the water was clear and swiftly moving and blue in the channels. Troops went by the house and down the road and the dust they raised powdered the leaves of the trees. The trunks of the trees were dusty and the leaves fell early that year and we saw troops marching along the road and the dust rising and leaves, stirred by the breeze, falling and the soldiers marching and afterward the road bare and white except for the leaves.”
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1705003350 ● 所引海氏原文,请读者先仔细读几遍,看看能不能发现它有什么优点。读者至少可以发现两点:一、用字皆极简单,全段几乎并无难字,即使有一二生字,在普通字典里都可以查得到。二、句子结构也很简单,短短一段里面,and竟用了十几次,好像天下没有别的连接词可以用似的;现在分词用得较多,定语从句出现两次,状语从句一个都没有用。
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1705003352 ● 学英文的人普通都知道写“simple English”的重要,海明威的英文,如此处所引者,总可以算是simple了罢?但是英文要写得像海明威那样简单,实在是多年苦功的结果。海氏没有进过大学,1917年中学毕业后,进报馆工作;报馆做了没有几个月,就自告奋勇到欧洲去驾驶战场救护车(按:第一次欧战于1914年爆发)。欧战结束时他所有的写作经验,只是在中学和报馆里所学到的那一点点。他生平得益最深的时候,是战后在巴黎的那几年。那时他勤练写作,更幸运的是他交到了几位良师益友,其中以名诗人Ezra Pound和名散文风格家Gertrude Stein(两人皆旅法美侨)给他的启发最深。Pound拿他的文章老实不客气地大大删改,把有堆砌之嫌的形容词统统杠掉。Stein女士则务求精确,力斥虚浮,对写作别具见解,海明威生平对她最为服膺。海氏日后所以能自成一家,文章受万人模仿者,Stein女士教诲之功不小。海氏私生活虽放浪不羁,如传奇中人,但对于写作的态度极谨严,几乎一笔不苟,他这种认真的习惯是在巴黎那时养成的。
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1705003354 ● 现在再回到海氏原文。A Farewell to Arms解作“向武器告别”,是海氏一部很有名的长篇小说(1929年出版)。故事内容讲一个美国义勇救护车队队员在意大利前线服务时,同一个英籍护士发生恋爱,几经波折,终于好梦难谐,后来那个护士因难产在瑞士逝世。书有中文译本,译名《战地春梦》,林疑今译,这里且把这一段林氏的译文录下,以供读者参考:
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1705003356 ● “那一年晚夏,我们住在乡下一间小房子里。从我们那座房子,看得见隔河的平原,那平原同山联在一起。河底有漂石和圆石子,在太阳光下,又白又干;河水则又蓝又清,水流得很快。军队从房子旁边的路上走过,卷起尘沙,洒在树叶上。树干也是积满尘土,树叶早落,军队一开去,尘沙满天;微风一吹,树叶儿就堕。军队走完了后,路上除落叶外,白白漫漫,空无一物。”
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1705003358 ● 林氏译文可以称得上简洁流畅。唯关于河流一句,意义不甚明白。河水既又蓝又清,怎么“河底”的石子会“又白又干”呢?河水应该很浅,“河床”上的大小石头有露于水外者,故能又白又干。in the channels三字漏译,拟在下面再讨论。
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1705003360 ● 这一段文章字面上的意义,大致已经没有什么问题。我们现在可以看看卡洛琳·戈登如何更进一步地研究它的优点。
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1705003362 The tone of the whole book is set in the first paragraph. The tone, in this case, is a mood, a dramatization of the wistful rebellion of youth, confronted with the hard facts of life, love and death. This mood is evoked by the very sound of the words in the first sentence:
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