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A whiffling snore escaped Charlie Wingate in the back of the room. Dr. Kenshaw took his overcoat from its hanger, slipped into it, and strapped up his brief case. He put on his hat and strode out of the lecture room, slamming the door. The noise made a hollow echo in the empty room, but it did not disturb Charlie Wingate. He slept on behind his amber glasses.
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● whiffling:轻轻的如微风之声。snore:鼾声。escaped:从他(鼻子里)发出来。
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● hanger:衣架。its代替overcoat’s。slipped into it:穿上大衣(全身滑进大衣里面去)。strapped up:把皮带扣上。
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● strode(stride的过去式):大踏步地走出去。slamming the door:把门砰的一关。
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● hollow echo:空洞的回声。但是可怜的Charlie又睡熟了。
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现代英文选评注 Prescott历史家普瑞斯各德
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Van Wyck Brooks (1886—1963)
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本文作者勃鲁克斯是美国当代文学批评家,著作很多,最重要的是皇皇五巨册的《美国文学史》(Makers and Finders: A History of the Writer in America,1800–1915)。勃氏以生动华丽的文字,传记家的笔法,描写美国过去的文坛实况和文人言行,使得读者有身历其境、面对古人之感。所以有人说他这部文学史读来和历史小说一样地有趣。
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本文选自《新英格兰的盛世》(The Flowering of New England,1815–1865),这一本书在他全部文学史里按出版年份来说是最早的一本(1936年出版),也是最成功的一本。在《新英格兰的盛世》这一时期里,美国文坛名家辈出,如朗费罗、爱默生、霍桑、梭罗等皆是,历史家普瑞斯各德的成就也许比不上他们这些人,但普氏以半盲之人,全凭苦心毅力,完成他的那部巨著The Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella,实在也值得介绍于中国读者之前。
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Suddenly, in l837, out of the throng of historical studies, honest and laborious, some of them fervent, none of them august, a great work appeared, like a wonder of nature, as it seemed to American readers, —The Reign of Ferdinand and Isabella. It was a brilliant performance, as any child could see and no scholar was ever to deny. Its limitations were obvious enough. It was not a philosophical history. The author had no great leading views, nor any profound feeling for human motives. There were depths upon depths behind and beneath the story that he had never plumbed. But, as a work of art, a great historical narrative, grounded at every point in historical fact, and with all the glow and colour of Livy and Froissart, it was a magnificent success. Its outlines were as firm as those of a cartoon of Raphael, and its pageantry of picturesque detail was calculated to feed as never before the starved imagination of the country. The book had been planned like a battle and built as stoutly as a Salem clipper, destined to sail through many enchanted minds for generations to come.
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● throng:大量,很多种。1837年前几年间,美国出了好多种历史研究著作,都是老老实实苦心经营(laborious)之作,有几种热情充沛,但是没有一本是令人叹服(august)的杰作,忽然在那一年,从(out of)那一堆书里,出现了一本巨著,据美国读者看来,就像是一件奇迹(wonder of nature)。
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● 伊培利亚半岛上Aragon国国王Ferdinand于1469年娶Isabella为后,Isabella于1474年复继位为Castile国的女王,这两国的联合奠定了今日西班牙的基础。十五世纪的西班牙在他们统治(reign)之下,国势极盛,哥伦布发现新大陆,就是在他们俩赞助下完成的。普氏的巨著,就是以这个时代为题材。
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● brilliant performance:精彩之作。这一点小孩子都看得出来,专家学者也从没有人否认过。
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● limitations:限制,缺点。虽然是本巨著,但并非十全十美,缺点很明显。
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● philosophical history:哲学历史。从哲学观点来写的历史,历史中包含哲学思想者。
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● leading views:主要的观点。great这里应作“高明”解。human motives:人类行为的动机。普通历史家只研究事情本身,有心理学修养的历史家,还要研究事情后面的动机。但是普氏在这方面并没有深刻的认识。
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● depths upon depths:故事的后面、故事的底下,一层复一层的,深藏着人心的奥秘,但是普氏从来没有往深处去探测。普氏只对于故事本身发生兴趣。
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● 这部历史虽然缺乏深刻的哲理和心理动机的分析。但是我们拿它当作一件艺术品来看或是一部伟大的历史叙事文来读,我们不得不承认这是部了不起的著作(magnificent success)。
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● grounded是过去分词,形容narrative,意为“建立”。这部历史所讲的许多事迹,没有一处是向壁虚构,每一句话都有根据:“每一点都建立于历史事实之上。”
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● Livy(59 B.C.— A.D.17)是罗马历史家。Froissart(1337?—1400)是法国历史家。他们的文章都是有光彩的(glow and colour),普氏的文章也可以和他们的媲美。
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● 最后几句话都是赞扬普氏巨著的优点。他这本书的轮廓明确,就像拉斐尔的勾勒画稿一样。cartoon现在普通译作“卡通”或“漫画”,这里解作“勾勒画稿”,即油画、壁画、织锦等动工以前,先在厚纸上用钢笔所画的草稿。拉斐尔是文艺复兴时期意大利画家。这部书的“轮廓明确”,说的是它的计划周密,叙事次序井然,无轻重偏颇之病。
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● picturesque detail:如画的细节。本书的组织完整,各处小节描写,又生动美丽如画,使人目不暇接,犹如盛大赛会,化装游行(pageantry)一般。calculated=fit,suitable(足以产生某种结果)。to feed the imagination of the country:给美国人民以精神食粮,激发他们的想象力,starved:饥饿的。十九世纪初叶,美国人的精神生活很是贫乏,所能想象的东西很有限。普氏此书,活龙活现地描写西班牙国势最盛的一段时期,大多为美国人见所未见,闻所未闻的事情,美国人欢迎这本书,无异是饥民之得美食。as never before:以前所出的书,从来没有像这本书那样能满足美国人者。
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● like a battle:本书写作以前,设计周密审慎,犹如参谋本部计划一场战争一样。Salem:美国麻州之海港,为当时美国造船业之中心。clipper:快帆船。本书的结构完美,颠扑不破,如Salem快船一般地结实(stoutly built)。按:普氏为Salem地方的人,这个譬喻用得很适当。
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