打字猴:1.70500746e+09
1705007460 ● tender:敏感。notably:可以叫人特别注意地。in this regard:在这一点上。
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1705007462 ● from the cradle:从摇篮时开始。to please:此处用作不及物动词。妇女有讨人喜欢的习惯;女作家的文章也特别地要使读者读来感到舒服。
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1705007464 ● one way or another:方法不一。by it:使别人喜欢。
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1705007466 “Oh no, Mrs. Bowen,” young women writers say to me. “Oh no! I mustn’t write that scene. I couldn’t put it on paper as I have just told it to you. I can’t describe that child, that man, that mother, in such terms!”
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1705007468 The writer, I maintain, cannot afford such reservations. He must find a technique that will let him describe anybody, anything, any situation—a technique that will permit him to use all his experience of living, tragic, comic, embarrassing, cruel, beautiful.
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1705007470 ● young women writers:年轻的女作家。
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1705007472 ● scene:场景。剧本里的一个小段落称为场景(大段落是幕:act),通常借用作文章里写得生动的一节;有景物,有人物,有动作,有对白;其有声有色犹如舞台上的一个“场景”。
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1705007474 ● couldn’t:此字含有轻微的假定语气——即使我要写,我也不能这样写。平常说话中,I couldn’t是常听得到的。指的是这件事我非但不能做,而且也不“会”去做的。I can’t则单指:我没有这种能力。
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1705007476 ● told:青年作家同前辈作家在讨论写作的问题。谈话的前一段是给作者省略了。我们可以想象:青年作家嘴里在讲一段事情给前辈作家听,但觉得有些顾忌,不能把它写下来,前辈作家则劝她写下来。
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1705007478 ● in such terms:用这种话。
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1705007480 ● maintain:主张。reservations:保留。我说“我什么都会”,这句话就是“没有保留”;我承认我有些事情能做,有些事情不能做,这就是“保留”。
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1705007482 ● can afford:能够负担,而不致吃亏。cannot afford such reservations:作家假如有这种保留,他就不成其为作家了。
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1705007484 ● technique:技巧。这字重复地用,充分表示写作技巧的重要。在表达一方面,作家应该能够描写任何人物、任何事物、任何情境;在做人一方面,作家有了某种技巧,才能利用他所有的人生经验:悲剧的,喜剧的,令人窘迫的,残酷的,或是美丽的。
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1705007486 Few writers are born with this technique. They must search until they find it. The search, if it teaches nothing else, in the end will teach them to know themselves. Actually it is a little difficult to separate the techniques of writing from the techniques of living—which is another way of saying the style is the man. I have no patience with that view of writing—a quite prevalent view—which looks on style as a trick and on the great techniques of writing as a bag of tricks. I have heard people say to a writer, “Ah, but you could describe that man! I envy you. You could tell that incident as it really happened. You have the gift of words.”
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1705007488 ● 这种技巧,不是生而致之,而是学而致之。Few:可以说是“绝无仅有”。
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1705007490 ● search:寻觅(即学习)。find:寻得。search先用作动词,后用作名词。作家努力学习写作技巧,这种努力可使他很得益;别种得益且不必说(if it teaches nothing else),作家至少因此可以了解自己。写作技巧和做人有什么关系呢?这就是本文所要阐明的。
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1705007492 ● the style is the man:文如其人,这是法国批评家Buffon(1707—1788)的名言。本文作者说:作文技巧和生活技巧颇难分隔(二者颇有牵连),这就是Buffon名言的另一种说法了。
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1705007494 ● have no patience with:不能忍受,听不入耳。prevalent:流行很广的。style:文章风格。trick:小手法,雕虫小技。bag of tricks:一大堆小玩意儿。
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1705007496 ● you字两次重读,表示一般人对于作家描写能力的羡慕。
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1705007498 ● describe that man:作家所写书中的某一个人物。that incident:书中某一件事。
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1705007500 ● gift:天赋能力。
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1705007502 These people seldom tell a writer, “You have this gift of perception, this passionate concern with life and living, that enables you, or compels you, to watch and learn.”
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1705007504 ● 一般人只知道欣赏作家的天才,谁能了解作家的苦心孤诣呢?因此他们不会说出正确的赞美的话。
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1705007506 ● 正确的赞美的话该怎么说呢?我们得承认作家有洞烛事物的能力(gift of perception),作家对于生活中的万事万物有强烈的关切(passionate concern),这种能力或关切使得作家观察人生,向人生学习。
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1705007508 ● 说“使得”恐怕还太轻,我们应该说“迫得”(compels)。作家所以肯细心观察学习,实在受本性所驱使,不得不然。
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