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cardinal［ˈkɑːdinəl］adj. 主要的，基本的；深红的 n. 深红色；基数；红衣主教
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【记】词根记忆：cardi（心，心脏） + nal→心脏的颜色→深红色
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【例】①Equality and mutual benefit are the cardinal principle of international trade.
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②Cardinal in that country stuck to his political principles, which was that “kings should always avoid using the talents of thoroughly honest men”.
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juxtapose［ˌdʒʌkstəˈpəuz］vt. 将（人或事物）并列或并置
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【记】词根记忆：juxta（=join，连接） + pos（放） + e→放在一起→将（人或事物）并置
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【例】Pain has been juxtaposed to pleasure as a form of emotion.
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bold［bəuld］adj. 大胆的，勇敢的；冒失的；醒目的，粗大的
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【记】联想记忆：b + old（老的）→人虽老，但很勇敢→勇敢的
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【例】①It was a bold idea to build a power station in such a deep area.
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②(as) bold as brass 厚颜无耻地 Defoe walked in, bold as brass, and asked me to lend him 150 pounds!
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【派】boldness（n. 大胆，勇敢；冒失）
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heretofore［ˌhiətuˈfɔː］adv. 直到此时，在此之前
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【例】Heretofore, there exist an area about 300 square kilometres occurring to land subsidence at different degree.
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relapse［riˈlæps］vi. （疾病）复发；再度陷入，故态复萌 n. 复发；故态复萌
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【记】词根记忆：re + laps（滑） + e→（身体状况）再次下滑→复发
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【例】①On vacation at home, Anderson relapsed and had to return to hospital for further tests.
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②When a friend of ours tried to give up cigarettes the first time, she failed. Analyzing her relapse, she realized she needed to do something with her hands. （1997）
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threat［θret］n. 恐吓，威胁；噩兆，坏兆头；造成威胁的人或事物
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【例】In some societies the failure to bear children is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce. （1999）
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【派】threaten（v. 恐吓，威胁；预示，有…的征兆）
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failing［ˈfeiliŋ］n. 弱点，缺点 prep. 如果没有，若无…
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【例】①One obvious failing in this city is that the gap between the rich and the poor is becoming bigger.
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②Failing specific instructions, we can use our own judgment and make a decision.
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【用】注意failing有介词“如果没有，若无…”的意思。
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