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【用】make a hash of sth. 是常用句型，意思是“把…弄糟，把…搞乱”；词组hash up表示“把…搞糟／弄乱”。
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detonate［ˈdetəneit］vi. 引爆，起爆，爆炸
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【例】The bomb for demolishing the building will detonate in two minutes.
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vile［vail］adj. 卑鄙的，邪恶的；极其讨厌的
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【记】词根记忆：vil（卑劣） + e→卑鄙的
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【例】①Martin warned his rivals with vile curses.
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②The vile weather stopped us from going out to picnic.
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impoverish［imˈpɔvəriʃ］vt. 使穷困，使贫困
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【例】The government is impoverishing the people with improper policy.
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utmost［ˈʌtməust］adj. 最大的；极度的 n. 极限；极度
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【例】In the future the World Bank will continue to do its utmost to support its member countries in their efforts to achieve sustainable development. （1999）
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strenuous［ˈstrenjuəs］adj. 费力的，艰辛的；奋发的，努力的
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【例】①The sportsman must do a strenuous practice to get satisfactory result.
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②We will make our strenuous efforts to achieve the goal ahead of time.
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clutter［ˈklʌtə］v. 弄乱，把…弄得杂乱 n. 零乱，杂乱
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【记】和clatter（v. 发出哗啦声）一起记
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【例】I just tidied the table, so Don’t clutter up it.
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【用】词组in a clutter是“凌乱不堪”的意思。
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categorical［ˌkætiˈgɔrikəl］adj. （言辞）无附带条件的；绝对的；直截了当的
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【例】The mayor made a categorical denial to the bribery of the company.
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forge［fɔːdʒ］vt. 稳步前进；伪造；锤炼，打制，使形成
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【记】发音记忆：“仿制”→伪造，假冒
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【例】①A good employee should forge his own career paths and prove his worth every single day.
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②The secretary forged her manager’s signature on the cheque.