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revision, changing by amending or correcting.
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legal procedure, mode of conducting matters in a law court.
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exacting, demanding strictly correct observance of certain rules.
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Octopartite, consisting of eight parts. The 八股 is referred to here, in which the candidate, after introducing his theme, must treat it in four paragraphs, each consisting of two members, made up of an equal number of words and sentences. The theme was always chosen from the Four Books （四书） or the Five Classics （五经）. The writer could not express any opinion of his own or at variance with those opinions expressed by Chu Hsi and his school. This form of evil was instituted by the Emperor T‘ai Tsu of the Ming dynasty in 1371.
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past six centuries, since 1371.
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sacrificed , given up for. The educated class had given up everything else, had not done anything else, because they had to prepare for this particular form of state examination.
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departures, going away; deviations from; setting out on a course of action different from that of the past.
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isolated items of reform, items of improvement or change for the better that stand apart or are not connected with other changes. Dr. Hu claims that all these changes are not unconnected.
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indicators, indications or signs that show or point out.
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rectify, make or set right; correct from a wrong, erroneous, or false state; amend.
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veritably, truly; deserving the name apart from all exaggeration.
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co-education, joint education, especially of both sexes in the same institution.
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Confucianist humanitarianism . Confucius （551-478 B.C.） was concerned with human （not divine） interests; hence his doctrine may be called humanitarianism. Confucius taught 仁义道德．
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Buddhist mercy . Gautama Buddha （557-480 B.C.） founded Buddhism on the doctrine of mercy （慈悲）. Buddhism came into our country in the year 68 A.D., during the reign of Ming Ti of the Later Han dynasty （后汉明帝）.
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Questions
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1. In what direction has China achieved the greatest success in the past few decades?
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2. What are the departures from the old tradition indicating of?
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3. What does the revolution in regard to womanhood include?
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参考译文
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【作品简介】
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《乐观看中国》，作者胡适，1935年3月载于《亚细亚杂志》。
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【作者简介】
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胡适（1891—1962），中国最著名的学者和教师之一。
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6 乐观看中国
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过去数十年间，中国在抛弃很多传统恶习方面取得了巨大成功。中国已成功废除缠足。要知道，至少一千年来，缠足一直是中国妇女可怕的梦魇。世代沿袭的君主专制制度已经被推翻，与之相关的整个体系也随之瓦解：妻妾成群的皇室、太监、生来就拥有特权并靠他人供养的贵族等等，都已不复存在。随着中国法律的修订和法律程序的改革，古代的酷刑和非人性的惩罚措施已得到废止。新式学校的开放，标志着“八股文”这种机械严苛的写作形式已经消失。所有的科举考试都曾以八股文为标准。过去六百年以来，为了精通八股文，整个受教育阶层浪费了最美好、最具活力的年华。
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