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content, satisfied.
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pervaded, spread through; permeated; saturated.
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reminiscence, remembrance; act of recalling past experiences.
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exuberance, luxuriance; overflow; excess.
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squander, spend wastefully; scatter.
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shorn, the past participle of shear , strip bare;cut off as with sword or clip off as with shears.
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premonition of death, forewarning that death is not so far off, that death is in the offing.
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symphony of colors, harmony of colors; such a delightful mixing of colors that one color brings out the richness of another.
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resignation, uncomplaining endurance of sorrow or other evil.
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exhilarating, enlivening; gladdening.
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Hsin Ch‘i-chi, 辛弃疾(稼轩), poet, Sung dynasty, died 1198.
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“少年不识愁滋味爱上层楼爱上层楼为赋新词强说愁.而今识尽愁滋味欲说还休欲说还休却道天凉好个秋.”(稼轩词,卷四,十九页)
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Questions
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1. In what way are the Chinese “past masters in the art of living”?
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2. What scale of values results from the Chinese practical attitudes towards the problems of life and knowledge?
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3. How is the Chinese viewpoint colored by the fact that the nation is old?
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4. What is the spirit of early autumn? How does it characterize Chinese life?
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参考译文
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【作品简介】
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《生活的目的》是林语堂所著《吾国与吾民》最后一章《结语》的第一部分,该书由纽约的约翰·戴出版公司1935年出版。
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【作者简介】
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林语堂(1895—1976),中国语言学家、作家。因《吾国与吾民》一书在美国和英国声誉鹊起,跻身中国及中国文明的最佳阐释者之列。
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7 生活的目的
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在概述了中国的艺术与生活之后,我们不得不承认中国人的确是精通生活艺术的大师。他们全心全意地致力于物质生活,其热忱决不下于西方,并且更为成熟,或许还更为深沉。在中国,精神的价值并未与物质的价值相分离,反而帮助了人们更好地享受自己命定的生活。这就解释了为什么我们具有一种快活的性情和根深蒂固的幽默。一个无宗教信仰的人会对现世的世俗生活抱有一种粗野的热忱,并且融物质与精神两种价值于一身,这在基督徒是难以想象的。我们能够同时生活在感官世界和精神世界之中,而不认为两者一定会有什么冲突。因为人类的精神是被用来美化生活,提炼生活的精华,或许还能帮助生活克服感官世界中不可避免的种种丑恶和痛苦,而不是用来逃避生活,或在来世找寻生活的意义。孔子在回答一位弟子关于死亡的问题时说:“未知生,焉知死?”这句话表达了一种对于生命和知识问题的庸俗、具体而实用的态度,而正是这种态度造就了我们现在国民生活及思维的特征。
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