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cypresses, 柏树,straight, coniferous tree with shuttle-shaped mass of dark foliage. In the West, cypresses are usually associated with graves;in our country they grow in temples or around graves.
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veranda, open portico or colonnade along the side of a house with roof supported on pillars.
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T‘ang age, 唐朝,the golden age of Chinese literature and art, under the rule of the T‘ang dynasty (618-907).
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the Sungs, 宋朝,a later dynasty (960-1126), note for its philosophers.
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before the Christian era, before the birth of Jesus Christ; any time before Christ, B.C.
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Chien Lung, 乾隆(1736-1796), perhaps the most illustrious of the emperors of the Ching dynasty (清朝,1644-1911). Chien Lung was a great patron of the arts; he himself wrote a vigorous calligraphy.
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legendary emperors, emperors who are famous or exist only in legends.
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his native state, the province in which he was born, Shantung.
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Chin Shih Huang, 秦始皇,the founder of the Chin dynasty (246-206 B.C.).
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pilgrims, persons who journey to sacred places as an act of devotion.
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detours, roundabout ways; roads that depart from and then rejoin the direct route.
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bed of a stream, bottom of a stream; the ground over which a stream flows.
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ravine, deep, narrow gorge; deep, narrow opening between hills; a depression in the ground worn out by running water, larger than a gully and smaller than a valley.
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sinuously mounting, going upward in winding curves.
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precipitous face, cliff or rock-face that is or looks so steep that one could fall headlong from top to bottom.
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daunt, frighten into giving up his purpose.
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to be chaired, to be carried in sedan chairs.
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aspen, 摇白杨树,trees of the poplar family with tremulous leaves.
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border, be a border or edge to.
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significance of form, expressiveness of form; form that is very significant or expressive.
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sanctity, sacredness or saintliness.
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calligraphy, beautiful handwriting.
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poems, metrical or beautiful sounding in themselves.
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quickening spirit, spirit that animates or inspires.
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prosaic, suitable for prose, which is commonplace or dull or unromantic as compared to poetry, so it is commonly assumed.
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