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stunted ascetic . An ascetic is one who devotes himself to a solitary and contemplative life, with rigorous discipline of the self, as by celibacy, fasting, and self-mortification. Such extreme self-denial stunts or checks the otherwise normal man and his development.
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to come to heel, to obey, just as a hunting dog is trained to follow closely at the heel of his master when commanded to do so.
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the servant of a tender conscience, obeying a moral sense of right and wrong that is easily touched or moved.
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to hate all vileness . A man who has had a liberal education is one who has learned that not only must he not be satisfied merely to be good, but also that he must take an aggressive attitude and hate all evil, try to eradicate evil.
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beneficent mother, mother doing good or showing active kindness.
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her mouthpiece, spokesman, one who speaks for Nature.
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her conscious self, Nature represented as conscious, through his conscious thought; Nature shown as being aware of external things, Nature with mental faculties alive and awake because he is wide awake.
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her minister, the person employed by Nature to carry out her purposes; her agent.
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Questions
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1. What is Huxley’s first definition of a liberal education?
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2. How much does he include under “the laws of nature”?
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3. What instruction other than that received in school does one receive?
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4. Why is Nature’s education insufficient?
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5. What is the object of artificial education?
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6. What is Huxley’s final definition of a liberal education?
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7. What kind of man has had a liberal education?
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8. What will be the relationship of such a man to nature?
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参考译文
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【作品简介】
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《通识教育》，作者托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎，选自罗杰·舍曼·卢米斯编写的《一年级读本》，由波士顿的霍顿·米夫林公司1925年出版，301—305页。
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【作者简介】
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托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎（1825—1895），英国博物学家，曾广泛演说，并有丰厚著述。
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20 通识教育
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何谓教育？特别是在我们心中，真正的通识教育理想是什么？如若一切能够重来，我们会让自己接受这样的教育吗？如若命运能够掌握在自己手中，我们会让自己的孩子接受这样的教育吗？我不了解你们对此有何看法，但是我想吐露自己的想法，并希望我们的观点不要有太大分歧。
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假使真的存在这么一种情况，即我们每个人的生命和财产有一天要由自己在象棋比赛中的输赢决定，那么，你们不认为我们的首要任务是对象棋进行一定的学习吗？比如，至少要学习每个棋子的名称和走法、掌握开局棋法、谙熟各种“将军”及“被将军”的策略等。另外，如果一个父亲或一个国家放任他的儿子或人民，在长大或成熟后竟不分卒马，那么，你们不认为我们应当对这样的父亲和国家嗤之以鼻吗？
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