1705037758 In so far as the school can rely upon the genuine merits of America, there is no need to associate the teaching of American patriotism with the inculcation of false standards. But where the Old World is superior to the New, it becomes necessary to instill a contempt for genuine excellencies. The intellectual level in Western Europe and the artistic level in Eastern Europe are, on the whole, higher than in America. Throughout Western Europe, except in Spain and Portugal, there is less theological superstition than in America. In almost all European countries the individual is less subject to herd domination than in America: his inner freedom is greater even where his political freedom is less. In these respects the American public schools do harm. The harm is essential to the teaching of an exclusive American Patriotism. The harm, as with the Japanese, comes from regarding the pupils as means to an end, not as ends in themselves. The teacher should love his children better than his state; otherwise he is not an ideal teacher.

1705037759

1705037760 Notes

1705037761

1705037762 Athens, the capital city of ancient Greece, the center of Greek culture.

1705037763

1705037764 Homer, who lived about the ninth century before Christ, the greatest of the Greek epic poets, credited with being the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey .

1705037765

1705037766 barrier, obstacles; anything that impedes the progress.

1705037767

1705037768 skepticism, suspension of judgment, questioning the truth of facts and the soundness of inferences; incredulous criticism.

1705037769

1705037770 vulgar, coarse; low; characteristic of the common people.

1705037771

1705037772 Carlyle, Thomas （1795-1881）, Scottish essayist and historian.

1705037773

1705037774 Plato （427-347 B.C.）, Greek philosopher.

1705037775

1705037776 at his ease in Zion . Zion was the holy hill of ancient Jerusalem, in Jewish theology, but by extension came to mean the Heavenly Jerusalem or the Kingdom of Heaven. Here, the word means heavenly kingdom. A man who is at his ease in heaven is a very self-possessed man, a man who is very composed, who looks at life steadily and calmly.

1705037777

1705037778 Goethe （1749-1832）, German poet and author.

1705037779

1705037780 imbibed, drunk in; assimilated; taken in and made part of his own.

1705037781

1705037782 mutual extermination, killing off one another; rooting out one another.

1705037783

1705037784 literati, men of letters; the learned class.

1705037785

1705037786 the Kyoto nobility, those who belong to the noble families of Kyoto, the western capital of Japan. These nobles were the most aristocrat of their kind and took on a cultured skepticism.

1705037787

1705037788 Faubourg Saint Germain, in the suburban part of Paris, the aristocratic quarter of Paris.

1705037789

1705037790 pugnacious, disposed to fight; quarrelsome.

1705037791

1705037792 cultivated eighteenth-century gentlemen . English eighteenth-century gentlemen developed the nice graces of conduct, avoided passionate outburst, tried to be cultivated, civilized.

1705037793

1705037794 advent, arrival.

1705037795

1705037796 Commodore Perry, Matthew Calbraith （1794-1858）, American naval officer who sailed his squadron of ships into the Bay of Tokyo in 1852 and opened Japan to western influence.

1705037797

1705037798 culpable, blameworthy; can be held to blame.

1705037799

1705037800 imminent, about to happen soon; impending.

1705037801

1705037802 Shinto religion, “way of the gods,” Japanese religion partly ousted by Buddhism, but now the national religion.

1705037803

1705037804 dubious, unreliable; questionable.

1705037805

1705037806 Genesis, the first book of the Christian Bible, deals with the formation of the earth and of all the living things. This explanation of the genesis or origin of things we do not agree with to-day.

1705037807

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