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bulldog courage . The bulldog, a powerful and courageous large-headed smooth-haired breed of dog, is noted for being tenacious and courageous. The English claim that they possess that sort of bulldog courage and tenacity.
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bane, poison or cause of ruin.
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heterogeneous, diverse in character; composed of diverse elements.
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homogeneous, consisting of parts all of the same kind; uniform.
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cramping traditions, customs or beliefs handed down that are difficult to accept and therefore hinder progress.
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immigrants, persons who come into a country. Those who leave a country are known as emigrants.
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a dual patriotism, a double or twofold patriotism. The immigrants to America are still loyal to their mother country, the country that they have left behind them, and at the same time they have come to be loyal to America, the country of their adoption. This being loyal to two countries at the same time is called dual patriotism.
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inculcation, impression; learning; acquiring.
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Old World, Europe and England; different from the New World, which is America.
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instill, infuse; develop gradually.
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herd domination, control as determined by the large mass of people. The word herd is here used in a contemptuous sense, implying that such domination is not desirable.
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Questions
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l. Compare traditional Chinese education with that of Athens in its best days. What are the great differences between the two civilizations?
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2. Why is the traditional education of China not suited to the modern world?
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3. What is the aim in Japanese education?
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4. What is the defect with the Japanese type of education?
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5. What is the aim of the English type of education?
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6. What defect do we find with this English system?
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7. What task has the American public school system successfully achieved?
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8. What two advantages has America had?
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9. What three difficulties confront American schools?
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10. What should the teacher love better, his children or the state?
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参考译文
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【作品简介】
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《教育的目的》一文选自伯特兰·罗素所著《教育与美好生活》，后收入沃尔特·李普曼及阿兰·内文斯编写的《现代读本》，由波士顿的D. C．赫斯出版公司1936年出版，473—477页。
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