1705037842
cramping traditions, customs or beliefs handed down that are difficult to accept and therefore hinder progress.
1705037843
1705037844
immigrants, persons who come into a country. Those who leave a country are known as emigrants.
1705037845
1705037846
a dual patriotism, a double or twofold patriotism. The immigrants to America are still loyal to their mother country, the country that they have left behind them, and at the same time they have come to be loyal to America, the country of their adoption. This being loyal to two countries at the same time is called dual patriotism.
1705037847
1705037848
inculcation, impression; learning; acquiring.
1705037849
1705037850
Old World, Europe and England; different from the New World, which is America.
1705037851
1705037852
instill, infuse; develop gradually.
1705037853
1705037854
herd domination, control as determined by the large mass of people. The word herd is here used in a contemptuous sense, implying that such domination is not desirable.
1705037855
1705037856
Questions
1705037857
1705037858
l. Compare traditional Chinese education with that of Athens in its best days. What are the great differences between the two civilizations?
1705037859
1705037860
2. Why is the traditional education of China not suited to the modern world?
1705037861
1705037862
3. What is the aim in Japanese education?
1705037863
1705037864
4. What is the defect with the Japanese type of education?
1705037865
1705037866
5. What is the aim of the English type of education?
1705037867
1705037868
6. What defect do we find with this English system?
1705037869
1705037870
7. What task has the American public school system successfully achieved?
1705037871
1705037872
8. What two advantages has America had?
1705037873
1705037874
9. What three difficulties confront American schools?
1705037875
1705037876
10. What should the teacher love better, his children or the state?
1705037877
1705037878
参考译文
1705037879
1705037880
【作品简介】
1705037881
1705037882
《教育的目的》一文选自伯特兰·罗素所著《教育与美好生活》，后收入沃尔特·李普曼及阿兰·内文斯编写的《现代读本》，由波士顿的D. C．赫斯出版公司1936年出版，473—477页。
1705037883
1705037884
【作者简介】
1705037885
1705037886
伯特兰·罗素（1872—1970），现称罗素伯爵，英国记者、公共演说家、政治思想家。1918年曾在北京大学发表演讲。在游历、讲学与研究苏俄、中国、美国和欧洲文明的过程中，详细描绘了他对人类未来的思考——并在《通往自由之路》《教育与美好生活》，以及《工业文明之将来》三本著作中深入浅出地阐述了这一思考。他主张将工业主义与休闲、个人自由和艺术修养结合起来，认为如果人类可以建立三个基石，就可以轻而易举地建立起这种新型文明：首先，更加公平的商品分配；第二，消除战争；第三，接受稳定但缓慢增长的人口水平。
1705037887
1705037889
22 教育的目的
1705037890
1705037891
传统的中国教育在有些方面与鼎盛时期的雅典教育非常相似。雅典的学子必须通篇背诵荷马的著述，而中国的学子也要熟读儒家的经典。雅典人被教导在礼仪举止中必须表现出对众神的尊敬，但是并不阻碍自由的思想中出现的怀疑。同样地，中国人要学习与供奉祖先相关的礼仪，但并不表示他们必须信奉这些礼仪的含义。受过教育的成年人理应自由且恰当地有所怀疑；任何事情都值得讨论，而只有凡夫俗子才会妄下定论。各种真知灼见应该是餐桌上愉快的谈资，而不是面红耳赤争取来的东西。卡莱尔认为柏拉图是“高贵的雅典绅士，在理想国悠然自得”。从中国的圣贤身上，同样能看到这种“在理想国悠然自得”的品格。而这份悠然自得往往是基督教文明的圣人所不具备的，除非他们像歌德那样深得希腊精神的精髓。雅典人和中国人一样希望享受生活，而且他们对于享受生活的理解中还融入了一份精致的审美品位。
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.705037842e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]