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Notes
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technological civilization, a civilization that rests upon machinery, upon the industrial arts.
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patent offices, the offices from which patents are issued. A patent is a government grant conferring to the inventor the exclusive privilege of making or selling a new invention.
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credence, belief.
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intrinsic nature, nature of the thing in and of itself naturally; inherent nature; essential nature.
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concomitants, accompanying things; things that go along together with.
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capitalism, dominance exerted by private capitalists, persons who possess capital or funds used in production.
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synonymous, identical or coextensive m sense and usage with another of the same language.
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exploitation, utilizing others to serve one’s own ends; making undue use of others.
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acquisitive instinct, innate impulse to acquire things.
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ascetics, those who practice severe self-discipline; severe abstinents.
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flagellants, those who scourge themselves, who flog themselves, to cleanse themselves of sin.
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dynamic, active, potent, energetic.
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fluctuations, irregular variations; rise and fall; lack of stability.
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analogies, reasoning from parallel cases; drawing conclusions from cases which seem to agree or to be similar.
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potentialities, capacity of coming into being or action; latent powers;possibilities.
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Questions
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1. On what does modern or Western civilization rest?
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2. How do we know that this modern civilization is extending its area of influence?
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3. What precise characteristics does technological civilization present?
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4. What are inevitable concomitants of the machine routine?
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5. With what is technological civilization associated?
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6. Is the acquisitive instinct of the earth’s multitudes a more important force than the acquisitive instinct of the capitalist?
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7. In what way is machine civilization dynamic? What can we say of the future of this civilization?
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参考译文
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