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capitalism, dominance exerted by private capitalists, persons who possess capital or funds used in production.
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synonymous, identical or coextensive m sense and usage with another of the same language.
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exploitation, utilizing others to serve one’s own ends; making undue use of others.
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acquisitive instinct, innate impulse to acquire things.
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ascetics, those who practice severe self-discipline; severe abstinents.
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flagellants, those who scourge themselves, who flog themselves, to cleanse themselves of sin.
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dynamic, active, potent, energetic.
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fluctuations, irregular variations; rise and fall; lack of stability.
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analogies, reasoning from parallel cases; drawing conclusions from cases which seem to agree or to be similar.
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potentialities, capacity of coming into being or action; latent powers;possibilities.
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Questions
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1. On what does modern or Western civilization rest?
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2. How do we know that this modern civilization is extending its area of influence?
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3. What precise characteristics does technological civilization present?
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4. What are inevitable concomitants of the machine routine?
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5. With what is technological civilization associated?
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6. Is the acquisitive instinct of the earth’s multitudes a more important force than the acquisitive instinct of the capitalist?
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7. In what way is machine civilization dynamic? What can we say of the future of this civilization?
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参考译文
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【作品简介】
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《技术文明》一文选自查尔斯·奥斯丁·比尔德所著《人类去往何处？》，由朗文·格林出版公司出版。后收录入李普曼及内文斯编写的《现代读本》，由波士顿的D. C．赫斯出版公司1936年出版，见于166—167页。
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【作者简介】
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查尔斯·奥斯丁·比尔德（1874—1948），美国历史学家，于1907年至1917年在哥伦比亚大学教授政治学，1922年赴日本任东京市政研究所所长。次年大地震后成为日本内务部部长后藤子爵的顾问，之后他投身于写作、公民事务及学术团体的活动。
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24 技术文明
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