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second nature . Nature is one’s natural endowment or essential character, as, natural impulse or action, instinct or native constitution, intrinsic or inborn nature. Hence, second nature means one’s real nature, something that has become so much a part of the individual that he cannot escape from it.
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Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley （1769-1852）, British general responsible for the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo.
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“There is a story … ,” from Huxley’s Elementary Lessons in Physiology , Lesson XII.
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practical joker . A practical joke is a joke put into practice, the fun consisting in what is done rather than in what is said, especially a trick played on a person. He who practices such witticisms is called a practical joker.
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gutter, a small channel at the side of a road or elsewhere to lead off surface water.
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cavalry-horses, horses belonging to the cavalry or that branch of the army which serves on horseback.
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customary evolutions, the evolutions that they have been accustomed to go through.
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bugle call, a summons on a bugle, as to call soldiers to duty. The bugle is a brass or copper wind instrument curved and somewhat high-pitched.
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omnibus- and car-horses, horses employed to draw such vehicles. The omnibus is a heavy four-wheeled public vehicle designed to carry a comparatively large number of people; a car is a vehicle adapted to the rails of a railroad.
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menagerie, a collection of wild or foreign animals in cages or inclosures kept especially for exhibition, as with a circus.
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flywheel, a heavy wheel for opposing and moderating by its inertia any fluctuation of speed in the machinery with which it involves.
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ordinance, order.
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walks, occupations.
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deck hand, a common sailor.
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nurture, bringing up; fostering care.
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strata . A stratum is a body of sedimentary rock or earth of one kind formed by natural causes and consisting usually of a series of layers lying between beds of other kinds. Here, social strata refer to the different groups that make up a society.
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mannerism, a recurrent trick of style or behavior.
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cleavage, division, way in which a thing tends to split.
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“shop,” one’s occupation or business as a topic of conversation, especially when introduced unseasonably.
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set like plaster, grown hard, become fixed like plaster.
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fixing, making or becoming rigid.
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vocalization, act of vocalizing or forming into voice; giving intonation or resonance to.
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nasality, in speaking, having the twang described as speaking through the nose.
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veriest, the superlative of very ;most very;most actual, veritable, real.
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“swell,” a slang expression to mean a stylish or ultrafashionable person.
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