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merely popular, wholly in charge of the people, as in Connecticut and Rhode Island, where even the governors, instead of being appointed by the Crown, were elected by the people.
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Protestants, Christians who are in protest against the Roman Catholic, the Old Catholic Church, and the Eastern Church.
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coeval, of the same age; existing during the same period of time, especially time long and remote.
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the dissidence of dissent, the extreme of dissent or disagreement. Compare, for a similar superlative sense the Hebrew phrase “Holy of Holies.”
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a variety of denominations, Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Quakers, Methodists, Baptists, etc.
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notwithstanding its legal rights . The Church of England was nominally established in Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, North Carolina. But the colonists were skilful in evading the maintenance of its endowments. In Virginia it was customary for each parish to hire its incumbent from year to year, so that no freehold in the endowment might be established. By a curious anomaly, the Episcopal Church in America was without bishops at the close of George II’s reign. Lord Halifax, the Secretary of State for the Colonies, proposed to introduce them, but the scheme was received with suspicion by the colonists, and regarded as a part of an attempt to undermine their liberties.
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that stream of foreigners, those who were not English.
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dissenters from the establishments of their several countries, such as French Huguenots and Irish Presbyterians.
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latitude, freedom from confinement or narrow limits; independence of action, thought, opinion, etc.
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the southern colonies, the thirteen colonies of. America were divided into north and south colonies.
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has a regular establishment, see note explaining “notwithstanding its legal rights.”
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they have a vast multitude of slaves . Johnson pertinently asks: “How is it that we hear the loudest yelps for liberty from the drivers of slaves?”
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as broad and general as the air, from Shakespeare’s Macbeth , III, iv, 23.
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1705042500
abject toil, servile toil or labor.
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Gothic, in the now obsolete sense of Teutonic or Germanic.
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such in our days were the Poles . Compare the Annual Register for 1763, p. 3, in a description of the Polish aristocracy: “Each noble Pole seems rather an independent sovereign than a citizen… . He is master of life and death on his own estate, all his tenants being in the strictest sense, his slaves.” In his speech Burke uses the past tense “were” because in 1772, when Poland was partly divided among Russia, Austria, and Prussia, the existing condition was destroyed.
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fortifies, strengthens.
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the deputies sent to Congress, the Continental Congress which met on September 5, 1774.
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smattering, slight superficial knowledge.
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tracts of popular devotion, books on religion.
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the Plantations, the American colonies.
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Blackstone’s “Commentaries.” Sir William Blackstone （1723-1780）, an eminent English jurist who wrote “Commentaries on the Laws of England.”
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General Gage, Thomas （1721-1787）, British gerneral in command of troops in America.
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successful chicane . In August, 1774, when the people of Boston held a town meeting, General Gage reminded the selectmen of the act of Parliament which made the holding of a town meeting dependent upon the governor’s permission. The selectmen replied that they were merely holding an adjourned meeting and referred the governor to the lawyers of the Crown. “By which means,” replied Gage, “you may keep your meeting alive these ten years.”
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my honorable and learned friend on the floor, Edward Thurlow, Attorney-General, a Tory leader and bitter enemy of the colonists.
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