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Bologna, in northern Italy, where was founded the University of Bologna in the 11th Century, a school famous for its faculty on jurisprudence.
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Salamanca, a town in western Spain. The University of Salamanca was one of the most renowned universities, of Europe from the 15th to the 17th century. It came into prominence in the reign of Alfonso X （1252-82）, with its chief distinction in the field of canon and civil law, and its special feature, the introduction of Arabic learning into Europe. Here Columbus explained his discoveries, here the Copernican system was early accepted and taught. During the middle of the 16th century, the university had 7,600 students.
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attachés, persons who are attached to literature.
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sojourn, a temporary residence.
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catechizes, examines by means of questions and answers and offering explanations.
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perpetuity, endless duration; for all time.
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St. Irenæus, the Greek bishop of Lyons （130-202）. Geoffrey of Tours （Hist. Franc 1.29） states that within a short time, he converted all Lyons to Christianity.
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St. Anthony （250-350）, the first Christian monk, born in middle Europe. At the age of 20, he practiced ascetic life. After 15 years, he withdrew to a mountain by the Nile, called Pispir, now Derel Memuni. At the beginning of the 4th century, he came out to organize monastic life for all monks who had imitated him. Then he withdrew to a mountain by the Red Sea. Before his death, he ventured to Alexander to preach against Arianism.
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Didymus （309? -394）, surnamed “The Blind,” head of the catechetical school of Alexandria.
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Disciplina Arcani （Discipline of the Secret）, a 17th century term applied to the custom of the early church which treated certain rites as mysteries and withheld them from the knowledge of the uninitiated. There was no such secret discipline until the third century, but in the 4th and 5th centuries, it became well established. From the 6th century onward, when Christianity had won over Paganism, we hear less of the secret discipline. Baptism and the Eucharist （Lord’s Supper） were the two rites of the Church to which especially the mystery idea became attached.
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Revelation, the last book in the Bible.
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Blessed Trinity, a Christian doctrine involving the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost.
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Eucharist, the sacrament of the Lord’s Supper.
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folios, books.
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concourse, gathering together.
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emporium, commercial center.
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tribunal, court of justice.
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innocuous, harmless.
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Alma Mater, the college or institution in which one has been educated, the “fostering mother.”
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Questions
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1. What is Newman’s definition of a university?
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2. What part do books play in the process of mutual education? In what ways does the method of oral instruction go beyond books?
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3. What part does oral instruction play in the production of the “gentleman”? in politics? in science? in religion?
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4. In what way is the metropolis a virtual university?
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5. What further characteristics of a university are given in the last paragraph?
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