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Plato （427-347 B.C.）, Greek philosopher.
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his talking master （469-399 B.C.）, Socrates, the Athenian philosopher.
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Chaucer, Geoffrey （1340-1400）, father of English poetry.
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spacious times, magnificent and expansive period.
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Elizabeth （1558-1603）, queen of England. Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.
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Marston, John （1575? -1634）, English dramatist and poet.
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prefaces, introductions explanatory of the object and scope of works, of methods of treatment, sources of information and the like.
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“Queen Anne’s men,” Queen Anne ruled in England from 1704-1714. Her men refer to Addison, Steele, Pope and others of this period.
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“Spectator,” paper published by Steele and Addison beginning March 1, 1711-December 6, 1712, and revived briefly in 1714.
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Pope （1688-1744）, English poet.
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epigram, a short poem treating concisely and pointedly of a single thought or event; a witty thought tersely expressed.
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three of the greatest periods of English literature, the Elizabethan, the Augustan, the Victorian.
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three English queens, Queen Elizabeth （1558-1603）, Queen Anne （1702-1714） and Queen Victoria （1837-1901）.
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vacuity, emptiness.
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naked precision, conciseness of any expression; stripped to its essential meaning.
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George Herbert （1593-1633）, English poet and clergyman.
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Emerson, Ralph Waldo （1803-1882）, American philosopher and essayist.
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niggardly and angular speakers, speakers who are careful and abrupt, not spending words which are at all unnecessary.
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pungent, penetrating; stinging; poignant.
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Brevity is the soul not simply of a jest, but of wit. “Brevity is the soul of wit,” Shakespeare,Hamlet ;conciseness of speech is not only the spirit of a simple joke but also of intellectual humor which implies swift perception of the incongruous and produces laughter by its sudden wisdom.
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superposed ornament, decoration laid upon something else.
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purgation of superfluities, removal of unnecessary elements.
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purple patches of “fine writing,” conspicuous additions of flowery words to cover up the weak spots in one’s writing.
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Ben Jonson （1573? -1637）, English scholar and dramatist.
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Bacon, Sir Francis （1561-1626）, English essayist, philosopher, and statesman.
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