1705044270
修辞,是语言艺术的结晶,普遍存在于世界各种语言。从英汉修辞对比的视角来观察语言美感的共同性,也许是最简单,也是最具说服力的。
1705044271
1705044272
从语源(Etymology)观,英汉相距甚远。英语属印欧语系(Indo-European languages),汉语则属汉藏语系(Sino-Tibetan languages)。但是,从修辞观察,彼此的审美共同性,昭然显现。
1705044273
1705044274
以下三类的辞格,英汉几乎都能寻找到与之对应的辞格。
1705044275
1705044276
· 词义修辞格(Lexical Stylistic Devices):Metaphor(比喻)、Metonymy(借代)、Personification(拟人)、Irony(反语)、Hyperbole(夸张)、Understatement(低调)、Euphemism(委婉语)、Contrast(对照)、Oxymoron(矛盾修辞法)、Transferred epithet(移就)、Pun(双关)、Syllepsis(异叙)、Zeugma(拈连)、Parody(仿拟)、Paradox(隽语)
1705044277
1705044278
· 结构修辞格(Syntactical Stylistic Devices):Repetition(反复)、Catchword repetition(联珠)、Chiasmus(回文)、Parallelism(平行结构)、Antithesis(反对)、Rhetoric question(设问)、Anticlimax(突降)
1705044279
1705044280
· 音韵修辞格(Phonetic Stylistic Devices):Alliteration(头韵)、Onomatopoeia(拟声)
1705044281
1705044282
英汉不仅辞格形式彼此呼应,而且在同一辞格的措辞上,也是何其相似乃尔!
1705044283
1705044284
初恋的秘密是种藏不住的秘密,它怕被人知道,又喜欢被人知道;它还是一种甜蜜的痛苦,折磨人的快乐。(冯骥才:《爱之上》)
1705044285
1705044286
Love is a sweet torment.
1705044287
1705044288
Parting is such a sweet sorrow.
1705044289
1705044290
多少年来,我常吃惊于这样一个事实:那些蜷缩教室一隅,甚至言辞木讷者,在离校之后的若干年,其灿烂的事业和成就会还老师一份惊喜!
1705044291
1705044292
(毛荣贵:《英语人生》)
1705044293
1705044294
The whole night she felt so restless and worried that she couldn’t go to sleep when her husband returned, all wet through, giving her a delightful surprise.
1705044295
1705044296
音韵是我国诗、词、曲中传统的艺术手法之一。从古代的《诗经》到唐诗宋词乃至今日的新诗,都十分讲究音韵。由于语言体系迥异,作为强项的英语的音韵修辞格Alliteration(头韵)在汉语中却是一个弱项。汉译只得“望洋兴叹”。虽说如此,审美的共同性,仍然激励不少译者前赴后继,孜孜尝试。结果,英语头韵的汉译,也有佳译。如:
1705044297
1705044298
Change is part of life and the making of character, hon. When things happen that you do not like, you have two choices: You get bitter or better.
1705044299
1705044300
译文:变化是生活的一部分,而且也塑造了人的意志品德,亲爱的。当你不喜欢的事情发生了,你有两种选择:要么痛苦不堪;要么痛快达观。
1705044301
1705044302
一篇题为“Youth”的英语短文,出自美国人之手,却风靡世界,据说日本的企业家们,尤其是步入老境的企业家们,在他们的聚会上常常集体背诵此文!流行的背后是什么?那是美感的共同性。“Youth”之美,美在文字,更美在精神;“Youth”之美,美在表象,更美在实质。由于美感共同性的作用,“Youth”在汉译时,文中的许多亮点和美点,便能很自在,很自然地移植到汉语中去。请欣赏:
1705044303
1705044304
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of the deep springs of life.
1705044305
1705044306
青春不是年华,而是心境;它不是桃面,朱唇,柔膝;它是坚定的意志,驰骋的想象,炽热的情感;它是生命的深泉,汩汩地涌出。
1705044307
1705044308
Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite, of the craving for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20. Nobody grows old merely by a number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.
1705044309
1705044310
青春意味着性情的优越,勇气驱走怯懦,冒险战胜苟安。二十岁有之,六十岁则更常见。岁月有加,并非垂老;理想泯灭,暮年即至。
1705044311
1705044312
Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust.
1705044313
1705044314
岁月悠悠,容颜衰老;抛弃热忱,心灵受损。担忧、恐惧、自暴自弃,必然重创心灵,令心灵屈从、精神蒙尘。
1705044315
1705044316
Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living. In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station: so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power from men and from the Infinite, so long are you young.
1705044317
1705044318
无论年届花甲,还是二八芳龄,心中皆有奇迹的诱惑,永恒的童真,生命的快乐,你我心中皆有一台天线,只要接收来自人们和上帝的美丽、希望、快乐、勇敢的信息,就会青春永驻,风华正茂。
1705044319
[
上一页 ]
[ :1.70504427e+09 ]
[
下一页 ]