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c. A son, housekeeping, jobs and just plain old familiarity forced romance out. (parallelism)
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就句型而言,这三句就很美,或因Impersonal Subject Sentence(非人称主语句)而生动、流畅和形象;或因Parallelism(平行结构)而显示出整饬美。若译者缺乏关于英语Impersonal Subject Sentence和Parallelism的知识,即使心中审美激情荡漾,其译笔也许就呈现茫然和无措。上面的初译就是明证。
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又如:
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Keeping your nose mindlessly to the grindstone will only get you abraded nostrils.
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我们读到的译文是:
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把你的鼻子紧贴在石磨上,只会擦破你鼻孔的皮。
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可叹,因为译者的知识缺乏,别说传递上句的美感,就是理解也成问题。
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知识之一:keeping your nose (mindlessly) to the grindstone系英语成语,意思是:一刻不停地拼命干。如:The teacher puts his pupils’ noses to the grindstone all the time. (老师把学生弄得一天到晚忙个不停。)
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知识之二:will only get abraded nostrils系运用了Parody(仿拟)辞格。所谓Parody,就是仿照或参考现存的成语、谚语等,加以创新(如添词、易字、节缩、重拟、择词、反说、还原)运用。will only get abraded nostrils显然属于“添词”。
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辞格Parody的运用,创造了美,既形象又幽默。以上两点知识,缺其一,则坠入云雾,理解尚难,更谈不上传递其美。
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遗憾的是,上句的译文不能挽留其形象和幽默韵味,只得译成:
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如果你一味不动脑筋地拼命苦干,那么,到头来你只会狼狈不堪。
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汉译英亦然。如:
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当夜幕无声落下,将一切远山近景从你的视野抹去的时候;当热闹的晚会结束,欢声笑语已经消逝的时候,什么都没有留下,只有思想还在活动。
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如何翻译上句?审美是一种认知,一种意会,但是又是以一定的专业知识为前提。不懂绘画基础知识,何以审美?何以创作?语言的审美经验和知识告诉我们,英语的句子以“尾重”(end-weight; end-focus)为美。以此为依据,当你提笔翻译时,你必定会选b弃a:
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a. When night falls, blurring from view the distant hills and the nearby landscape, or when a hilarious party is over and all the noise and laughter gone, nothing is left but your own thoughts.
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b. Nothing, but your own thoughts, is left, when night falls, blurring from view the distant hills and the nearby landscape, or when a hilarious party is over and all the noise and laughter gone.
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再如:
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床前明月光,疑是地上霜。
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举头望明月,低头思故乡。
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(李白《静夜思》)
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中外译界,多少人争相翻译此诗。
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a.
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The Moon Shines Everywhere
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Seeing the moon before my couch so bright,
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