打字猴:1.705045456e+09
1705045456 (W. J. B. Fletcher译)
1705045457
1705045458 审美知识告诉我们:汉语是一种意境性的语言,模糊见长,朦胧见美。以汉语为母语者善在模糊中遐想,在朦胧中感悟。西语,尤其是英语,讲究的是表达的逻辑性与分析性,一切都要交代明白,甚至句子中的各成分之间的逻辑关系,也要Connectives明示,因此,英语被戴上一顶帽子,叫做“形合语言”(a language of hypotaxis)。
1705045459
1705045460 李白诗中的“举头望明月,低头思故乡”,多美!美,就美在挽留了三分朦胧;美,就美在蕴涵了几分泛指。所谓“思故乡”,具体“思”些什么?这一层纸是必须保留,千万不能捅破。读者也就有了发挥想象的余地,读者也就有了开拓心路的自由。
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1705045462 可惜,美国诗人Fletcher(1886~1950)却执意要捅破这层纸,化模糊为清朗,还朦胧以逻辑。“思故乡”,根据Fletcher的逻辑推理,被确定、被缩小为Youth’s sweet memories(青春年少时甜蜜的爱情回忆)!清晰是清晰了。然而,李白的诗,洋溢着朦胧月色的美失却了。也许,李白诗中所思所想,真有sweet的成分,真有her clear face的形象,然而,译者却把这种朦胧月色的美给框死了!诗人Fletcher不谙中西文化之渊别,往小处说;也许,尚缺乏一个基本的美学知识——模糊(fuzziness)即美。如此翻译,与嚼饭与人何异?
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1705045464 b.
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1705045466 A Tranquil Night
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1705045468 Abed, I see a silver light,
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1705045470 I wonder if it’s frost aground.
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1705045472 Looking up, I find the moon bright;
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1705045474 Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned.
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1705045476 (许渊冲译)
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1705045478 美哉,此译!且不说aground/drowned音韵之美,就说收尾句Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned,一个形象,从Bowing中逸出;十足乡愁,从homesickness中露出;万般浮想,又从homesickness中荡开去!
1705045479
1705045480 刘勰在《文心雕龙·情采》中也说:“言以文远。”大意是说,文章因有文采,因有美,才能流传千古。然而,这个所谓的文采,所谓的美,需要丰厚的美感知识积淀。
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1705045482 一位数学专家认为:“不能领略专业的美,就不能真正学好专业知识。而没有扎实的专业知识,也不能领略该专业的美。”这是何等辩证的观点。因为他是数学专家,所以他才说:“各种各样的美是相通的。数学本身就很美呀!你看,等号最明显的是它的对称美,数学的出发点很简单,经过非常复杂的推理与计算,结果也是那么简单清晰,这个解决问题的过程,感觉不是很美吗?”
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1705045484 数学美,语文更美。语文学习,汉语或英语学习是一个美的世界。可以说,语文几乎可以传达世界上美学家们致力研究的一切美。文质兼美的语文为学习者获得审美愉悦提供了雄厚的物质基础。但是,应试教育,尤其是近年来英语的所谓“工具性”被过分强调。语文教学,受利益驱动已蜕变为“敲门砖”,极具人文精神的语文渐渐堕落成极具功利色彩的工具。谁还会关注汉语的美与不美?谁还会关注英语的美与不美?
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1705045486 语文,绝不仅仅只是工具、载体,它本身就是人的生命活动、精神活动。人学习、掌握母语的过程就是人成长的过程,语言化、社会化、人格化三位一体的过程。
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1705045488 语文学习应该是“源头活水”,可以发掘无限的美,令学途充满审美愉悦。仅就其语言表达而言,或如高山流水,或如小溪潺潺,或如松涛阵阵,或如杨柳拂风;或深沉,或明快,或简洁,或含蓄,或讽刺,或幽默。每篇都可谓字字珠玑,句句夺目,就如一个大观园,徜徉其中,让你目不暇接,让你流连忘返。
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1705045490 白求恩写过一篇短文,题目是“The True Artist”《真正的艺术家》。文章仅189个单词。你能从中体味到什么呢?
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1705045492 The True Artist
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1705045494 The true artist lets himself go. He is natural. He swims easily in the stream of his own temperament. He listens to himself. He respects himself.
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1705045496 He comes into the light of every-day like a great leviathan of the deep, breaking the smooth surface of accepted things, gay, serious, sportive. His appetite for life is enormous. He enters eagerly into the life of man, all men. He becomes all men in himself.
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1705045498 The function of the artist is to disturb. His duty is to arouse the sleepers, to shake the complacent pillars of the world. He reminds the world of its dark ancestry, shows the world its present, and points the way to its new birth. He is at once the product and preceptor of his time. After his passage, we are troubled and made unsure of our too-easily-accepted realities. He makes uneasy the static, the set and the still. In a world terrified of change, he preaches revolution—the principle of life. He is an agitator, a disturber of the peace—quick, impatient, positive, restless and disquieting. He is the creative spirit working in the soul of man.
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1705045500 徐志摩的《再别康桥》,曾让陆小曼激动不已,她评价说:“这些神仙似的句子看了真叫人神往,叫人忘却人间烟火味。”
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1705045502 以应试为目的,视英语为极具功利色彩的工具的读者,是决计不会潜心细读以上短文的。为什么读呀?一没有难词难句,二没有东西可考!但是,他们动手翻译,马上“翻船”。如:
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1705045504 The true artist lets himself go. →真正的艺术家让自己走。
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