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a. Jack had to trudge through the dull book for the exam.
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b. Jack had to concentrate his attention forcefully to finish reading the dull book for the exam.
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2.1.5.4 委婉美
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转义词常含“弦外之音”(implication)。这不是直言,而是“曲言”,这不是“开门见山”,而是“旁敲侧击”。从语用学看,这是磨去语锋,令表达得体、礼貌。试读以下英译:
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汤姆毫无音乐鉴赏力。
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All music is alike to Tom. (形容词alike的含义相当于of no difference)
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马琳的身世有不愿他人提及之处。(即难言之隐)
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Marline has a history. (history的含义相当于something in the past which is unmentionable)
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她父亲现在正失业。
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Her father is now between jobs. (介词短语between jobs的含义相当于out of job)
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他在文章中随意歪曲事实。
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In his article he made free with the facts. (made free with的含义相当于distorted)
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他不善辞令。
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He does not shine in conversation. (does not shine的含义相当于is poor at)
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2.1.6 活用Connotation——提升汉译英译文审美价值之必由之路
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英语词汇的转义,美不胜收,一如春日漫山遍野的绚丽山花,而汉语词汇的转义,疏落有致,一如点缀于天幕的寂寥晨星。
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这个区别不可小觑。存在决定意识。汉语对转义词的使用如此拘谨慎微,如此放不开手脚,因此,自然而然,国人在汉译英的实践过程中,就难以想到活用英语转义词,更谈不上有如鱼得水般的自如,有如鸟入林般的洒脱。但是,汉译英译文的审美价值在很大程度上系于转义词的运用。这也许并非夸张之辞:没有转义词的运用,译文就如不见鲜花的园林;没有转义词,译文就如没有游鱼之池塘。比如:
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我从小就对自己没有信心,这是问题的根子。这种情绪使我受到一点点表扬都会难为情,使我怎么也说不出一个“不”字,也使我不敢向父母多要一分钱。此外,这种缺乏信心的情况也影响了我对钢琴的热爱。
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对于这样一段文字,不用转义词的英译是:
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I lacked confidence since childhood, which was the root of the problem. I would feel embarrassed while receiving the slightest praise. I found it hard to say “no”. I even dared not to ask for one more cent from my parent. Besides, this lack of confidence also influenced my love for the piano.
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译文老实,也很“信”。却处处能看到汉语的影子,不仅是句子结构,还有措辞,同时也不见英语转义词。英语的转义词是一种丰富“资源”。资源一旦流失,译文便色泽黯淡!
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转义资源,一旦“开发”,其英译将是怎样一种情景呢?请读译文:
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At the root of it is my diffidence by which I have been enslaved since childhood. It embarrasses me at the mildest flattery, crushes my utmost efforts to say “no”, and prevents me from asking my parents for one cent more than necessary. Among other things, diffidence has wormed its way into my love of the piano.
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且不说译文的句子由原来的五句变成了三句,且不说译文出现了倒装句及非人称主语句,单单几个转义词的成功运用,就让读者感到新意扑面。比如enslaved, crushes, wormed (its way into)等等。
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enslave用作动词时,其本义是“使……成为奴隶;奴役”。这好像是一个很少被想到、被用到的英语单词,岂料“我从小就对自己没有信心”的英译竟然用上了enslave!不敢想象。打开词典,方才恍悟!enslave的这种转义用法并不罕见。以《英汉大词典》为例,就收入了以下例句:
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