打字猴:1.70504719e+09
1705047190
1705047191 美国第35任总统John F. Kennedy在其就职演说中有如此一句:
1705047192
1705047193 We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficiently beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.
1705047194
1705047195 我们不敢以软弱去引诱他们,因为,只有当我们的武器毋庸置疑地达到了充足的地步,我们才能毋庸置疑地确信:这些武器将永远“入库”。
1705047196
1705047197 此话的最后一个词是employed。employ一词,源自Middle English的emploien,另一说是源自Old French的emploier,是典型大词。假若大词employed被“小词”used所取代,总统就职演说之庄重美将如何消失于瞬间!they will never be employed被译成:这些武器将永远“入库”,值得赞许。借用汉语“刀枪入库,马放南山”之说,比翻译成“这些武器将永远不被使用”要显得庄重。
1705047198
1705047199 3.1.2 传递委婉
1705047200
1705047201 大词,还是用于语意扬升(inflating and magnifying)的最有效手段之一。所谓语意扬升法,指用一些比较温和、刺激性较少的词语代替难听的禁忌语以求避讳和文雅,用美好动听的词语代替中性词,以迎合人们的自尊和虚荣心理。
1705047202
1705047203 试比较,注意左“小”右“大”之变:
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1705047205 garbage collector(清洁工)→sanitary engineer(直译:清洁工程师)
1705047206
1705047207 file clerk(档案管理员)→research consultant(直译:研究顾问)
1705047208
1705047209 mechanic(机修工)→automobile engineer(直译:汽车工程师)
1705047210
1705047211 dry cleaner(干洗工)→dry cleaning engineer(直译:干洗工程师)
1705047212
1705047213 school principal(中小学校长)→educational engineer(直译:教育工程师)
1705047214
1705047215 teacher(老师)→educator(直译:教育家)
1705047216
1705047217 barber(理发师)→hair stylist(直译:发型设计师)
1705047218
1705047219 undertaker(承办葬仪者)→mortician(直译:承办殡葬者)→funeral director(直译:丧葬承办者)
1705047220
1705047221 把原本寻常的工作冠以high-sounding titles,有时甚至委婉地表达了一些不便明说的话。又如在以下的译例中,大词的频频出现,措辞委婉含蓄,精确地传达出写信人的迟疑、不安、欲试探虚实的心态。谈到存在先父与对方的不和时,用了subsist这么个大词,用了at variance with这么一个罗嗦的表达,就是为了传达那一份委婉和含蓄。
1705047222
1705047223 Dear Sir,
1705047224
1705047225 The disagreement subsisting between yourself and my late honoured father, always gave me much uneasiness, and since I have had the misfortune to lose him, I have frequently wished to heal the breach; but for some time I was kept back by my own doubts, fearing lest it might seem disrespectful to his memory for me to be on good terms with any one, with whom it had always pleased him to be at variance.
1705047226
1705047227 亲爱的先生:
1705047228
1705047229 以前您与先父之间曾有些芥蒂,这一直使我感到不安。自先父不幸弃世以来,我常常想到要弥补这个裂痕;但我一时犹豫,没有这样做,怕的是先父生前既然对阁下惟恐仇视不及,而我今天却来与阁下修好,这未免有辱先人。
1705047230
1705047231 3.1.3 传递和谐
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1705047233 Springs are not always the same. In some years, April bursts upon our Virginia hills in one prodigious leap—and all the stage is filled at once, whole choruses of tulips, arabesques of forsythia, and cadenzas of flowering plum. The trees grow leaves overnight.
1705047234
1705047235 春天,是人间万物复苏的时刻,奇葩异草,争奇斗艳,国人常用“繁花似锦”写之。上段所写的郁金香(tulips),色彩娇艳的硕大花朵昂然高举,气宇不俗;大片大片的连翘花(forsythia),黄灿灿,金亮亮,典雅无比;深紫色的洋李花(plum),缀满枝头,雍容华贵。如此娇艳之春花,若是用平常字眼写之,显然不相适宜;红花虽好,仍需美词相扶。而这个美词,即英语之大词也。作者文笔不俗,选用了一系列的大词(如prodigious, arabesques, cadenzas等),烘托鲜花,陪衬美景。美词,与烂漫春花,相互匹配,彼此渲染。词与景和谐,情与景交融。
1705047236
1705047237 此外,这种和谐之美,还体现在词与词之间。上段大词美词与寻常字眼(如burst upon, leap, at once, overnight等)交替出现,同时登场,雍容中不失质朴,平淡中凸现华贵!行文,又进入了一种新和谐。
1705047238
1705047239 春天并非老是一模一样。有些年份,四月的春姑娘,不知怎地惊人一跃,就来到了弗吉尼亚的山坡上——大自然的舞台转眼不再沉寂:郁金香组成了合唱队;连翘花弹起了奇妙的华丽小调;洋李花怒放,奏响了扣人心弦的华彩乐章。一夜之间,林木着装,嫩叶鲜亮。
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