1705047217 barber（理发师）→hair stylist（直译：发型设计师）

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1705047219 undertaker（承办葬仪者）→mortician（直译：承办殡葬者）→funeral director（直译：丧葬承办者）

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1705047221 把原本寻常的工作冠以high-sounding titles，有时甚至委婉地表达了一些不便明说的话。又如在以下的译例中，大词的频频出现，措辞委婉含蓄，精确地传达出写信人的迟疑、不安、欲试探虚实的心态。谈到存在先父与对方的不和时，用了subsist这么个大词，用了at variance with这么一个罗嗦的表达，就是为了传达那一份委婉和含蓄。

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1705047223 Dear Sir,

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1705047225 The disagreement subsisting between yourself and my late honoured father, always gave me much uneasiness, and since I have had the misfortune to lose him, I have frequently wished to heal the breach; but for some time I was kept back by my own doubts, fearing lest it might seem disrespectful to his memory for me to be on good terms with any one, with whom it had always pleased him to be at variance.

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1705047227 亲爱的先生：

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1705047229 以前您与先父之间曾有些芥蒂，这一直使我感到不安。自先父不幸弃世以来，我常常想到要弥补这个裂痕；但我一时犹豫，没有这样做，怕的是先父生前既然对阁下惟恐仇视不及，而我今天却来与阁下修好，这未免有辱先人。

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1705047231 3.1.3　传递和谐

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1705047233 Springs are not always the same. In some years, April bursts upon our Virginia hills in one prodigious leap—and all the stage is filled at once, whole choruses of tulips, arabesques of forsythia, and cadenzas of flowering plum. The trees grow leaves overnight.

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1705047235 春天，是人间万物复苏的时刻，奇葩异草，争奇斗艳，国人常用“繁花似锦”写之。上段所写的郁金香（tulips），色彩娇艳的硕大花朵昂然高举，气宇不俗；大片大片的连翘花（forsythia），黄灿灿，金亮亮，典雅无比；深紫色的洋李花（plum），缀满枝头，雍容华贵。如此娇艳之春花，若是用平常字眼写之，显然不相适宜；红花虽好，仍需美词相扶。而这个美词，即英语之大词也。作者文笔不俗，选用了一系列的大词（如prodigious, arabesques, cadenzas等），烘托鲜花，陪衬美景。美词，与烂漫春花，相互匹配，彼此渲染。词与景和谐，情与景交融。

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1705047237 此外，这种和谐之美，还体现在词与词之间。上段大词美词与寻常字眼（如burst upon, leap, at once, overnight等）交替出现，同时登场，雍容中不失质朴，平淡中凸现华贵！行文，又进入了一种新和谐。

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1705047239 春天并非老是一模一样。有些年份，四月的春姑娘，不知怎地惊人一跃，就来到了弗吉尼亚的山坡上——大自然的舞台转眼不再沉寂：郁金香组成了合唱队；连翘花弹起了奇妙的华丽小调；洋李花怒放，奏响了扣人心弦的华彩乐章。一夜之间，林木着装，嫩叶鲜亮。

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1705047241 译文不俗。whole choruses of tulips, arabesques of forsythia, cadenzas of flowering plum.，等等，被转换成三个平行的汉语动词词组——组成了……弹起了……奏响了……。末句The trees grow leaves overnight原本平淡，不料，译者连用三个四字句——一夜之间，林木着装，嫩叶鲜亮。译文添原句所无之美！

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1705047243 但是，细心比读，原文大词，及其相应汉译，差异即出：汉语缺乏与prodigious和arabesques一类的大词匹配的表达。

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1705047245 另例：

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1705047247 The first fall of snow is not only an event but is a magical event. You go to bed in one kind of world and make up to find yourself in another quite deferent, and if this is not enchantment, then where is it to be found? The very stealth, the eerie quietness of the thing makes it more magical. If all the snow fell at once in one shattering crash, awakening us in the middle of the night, the event would be robbed of its wonder. But it flutters down, soundless, hour after hour while we are asleep. Outside the closed curtains of the bedroom a vast transformation scene is taking place, just as if a myriad of elves and brownies were at work, and we turn and yawn and stretch and know nothing about it. And then what an extraordinary change it is! It is as if the house you are in had been dropped down in another continent. Even the inside, which has not been touched, seems different, every room appearing smaller and cozier, just as if some power were trying to turn it into a woodcutter’s hut or a snug log cabin. Outside, where the garden was yesterday, there is now a white and glistening level, and the village beyond is no longer your own familiar cluster of roofs but a village in an old German fair-tale…

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1705047249 这场初雪并非一场寻常变化，而是魔幻般的变化。你上床睡觉时是一个世界，醒来时却发现自己已置身于另一个迥然不同的世界。假如这不是魔法，那么魔法又到哪儿去寻觅呢？而这一切都在静谧中神秘地发生，使得这场初雪愈发迷人。如果所有的雪在瞬间轰然落下，在午夜将我们惊醒，那么，这场雪就无奇妙可言。雪花落下，纷纷扬扬，无声无息，不停不息，而此刻的我们正在梦乡。窗帘拉拢的卧室外，苍茫大地正在发生一场巨变，就像无数调皮的小精灵和小仙童在干活；此刻，一无所知的我们却在辗转反侧、打着哈欠、舒展四肢。于是，我们见到了一场巨变！你的寓所，似乎落到了一个新大陆，甚至屋内，虽然没有被人动过手脚，似乎也发生了变化。每一间屋子都显得更加小巧、更加温馨，好似某种神奇的力量把它变成了伐木工的工棚或是温暖的小木屋。室外，昨天的花园，今天却变成了洁白闪亮的一片。远处的村庄也不再是你所熟悉的鳞次栉比的屋顶，而成了一个古老的德国神话中的村落……

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1705047251 英语原文系英国近代著名小说家普里斯特莱的一篇散文之节选。该节选多年来被英语国家的读者认为是写雪景的model paragraph（范文段落）。文笔清新老练，想像飘逸独到，描写细致动人。此段文采灼灼，文笔华美，在相当程度上，成功的文笔归功于若干大词（如enchantment, stealth, eerie, transformation, myriad等等）的使用。

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1705047253 若作者撇开这些大词，而是选用“小词”，如charm, secret, strange, change, many等等，句意将无变化，但是，那梦幻般的下雪过程，那童话般的雪景描摹，将痛失几分典雅和诡魅。

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1705047255 译文已属上乘，但是，若是对号入座般地寻找enchantment, stealth, eerie, transformation, myriad等大词的相应汉译，却生丝丝憾意，因为汉语缺乏对应的大词。

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1705047257 3.1.4　传递含蓄

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1705047259 20世纪初的美国小说家Theodore Dreiser（西奥多·德莱塞）在100年之前创作的长篇小说Sister Carrie（《嘉丽妹妹》）有以下一句：

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1705047261 When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse.

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1705047263 初读上句，如坐云间。难点在于the cosmopolitan standard of virtue。cosmopolitan，一大词也。

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1705047265 cosmopolitan的意思是：n. 四海为家的人，世界主义者；adj. 世界性的，全球（各地）的。cosmopolitan standard of virtue总不能硬译为“四海为家者的道德标准”吧！进一步观察，句前的becomes better和句后的becomes worse构成紧密呼应，此呼应已为cosmopolitan standard of virtue之贬褒定性。既然cosmopolitan standard of virtue可以如此明确定性，那么，原句为什么偏偏使用cosmopolitan呢？cosmopolitan不仅是一个大词，且是一个中性词。观察与思考告诉读者：此乃英语遣词的一个亮点！英语，常用大词掩其内涵之贬义。如此行文，表达趋于含蓄，行文趋于雅丽。

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