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现代汉语之美,美在古朴典雅,美在简洁庄重。此美多源于对传统的承传,或曰文言也。
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法国教育部长贝鲁在构想21世纪教育事业蓝图时,把加强拉丁语教学作为教学改革的重要举措,要求小学生“从五年级就开始学拉丁语”。众所周知,拉丁语是一种古老的语言。为什么如此发达的现代化国度竟然要孩子们去学这早已消亡的古董式的语言呢?贝鲁解释说,因为它“是掌握现代语言的极好基础”。
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遗憾的是,今日译者常不识汉语美之要素,误以为母语即汉语,汉语早就过关,有什么必要去学习老古董——文言呢?于是乎,提笔翻译,其汉语之苍白,之枯涩,之乏味,“像个瘪三”(毛泽东语)!
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上海交通大学外国语学院招收英语专业硕士研究生入学考试“汉译英”部分曾有一句:
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太华之高不知几千仞,惜未能裹粮往登焉。
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“惜未能裹粮往登焉”一句传递的整体信息是什么?作者到底登山了没有?抑或是半途而废?竟然有半数考生之译文让人雾里看花。
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Huashan Mount is too high to be measured and I regretted not to climb it. (作者未登山)
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The height of Hua Shan Mountain is really beyond my imagination. I regretted that I had climbed without carrying food. (作者登山而未携带食物)
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The mountain was so high that our food could not be sufficient to support our trip to the top. (作者登山却半途而废)
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其实,上句可译:
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I have no idea how many thousand feet high the Huashan Mountains are and regret very much not having been able to pack up some dry provisions and go exploring them for a few days.
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以下一段文字,略含文言:
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某君昆仲,今隐其名,皆余昔日在中学时良友;分隔多年,消息渐阙。日前偶闻其一大病,适归故乡,迂道往访,则仅晤一人,言病者其弟也。
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译者却无法理解其中的“昆仲”、“阙”、“迂道”、“晤”等表达。由于对“昆仲”二字理解有误(将“昆仲”理解为某君之姓名),其译成了典型“乱译”:
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A person called Kunzhong, whose name I am not going to mention, was my good friend in high school. After long time no see, news about him gradually arrived. I heard that he was seriously sick one day, and he was just at hometown, so I went to call him in a roundabout way. But I did meet himself alone, who told me that his younger brother was also sick.
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略有文言基础者,便能译成:
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Twobrothers,whose name I need not mention here, were both good friends of mine in high school. After a separation of many years we gradually lost touch. Some time ago I happened to hear that one of them was seriously ill, and since I was going back to my old home I broke my journey to call on them. I saw only one, however, who told me that the invalid was his younger brother.
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这是一个“无错不成书”的年代,笔者曾请硕士生帮忙校对(proofread)一书。请硕士生校对,岂非杀鸡用牛刀?开始,我也这么想。结果却很失望。错字、别字明明白白地放在那里。比如“按步就班”、“机器按装”、“不贬眼睛”、“不卑不坑”等等,均从硕士生的眼皮底下溜走了!错的没有改正,正确的却被改歪了!让人哭笑不得也。比如:
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那猴子原来第一回爬树偷果子。他把金击子鼓了一下,那果子扑的落将下来。(《西游记》第二十四回)
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Now there is nothing that monkeys are better at than climbing trees to steal fruit, and one blow from the golden rod sent the man fruit tumbling down.
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贾政笑道:“倒是此处有些道理。固然系人力穿凿,此时一见,未免勾起我归农之意,我们且进去歇息歇息。”(《红楼梦》第十七回)
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“I see the point of this place,” declared Jia Zheng. “Although artificially made, the sight of it tempts one to retire to the country. Let us go in and rest a while.”
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在校对以上汉语原文时,一硕士生做以下“校正”:
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那果子扑的落将下来→那果子扑的落了下来(此君认为“落将下来”表达错了,因而改成“落了下来”。)
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未免勾起我归农之意→未免勾起我归田之意(此君认为“归农”应该改成“归田”,因为汉语有“解甲归田”的成语呀!)
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