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汉语以神驭形，可视作意境语言，偏重暗示，欣赏含蓄，写意性很强。而英语则以形摄神，极重逻辑分析，欣赏写实。
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以汉语“湖光山色”为例，就比较虚幻，难以落实，尤以“光”字为甚，然写意之中，又具有极强的暗示力，能让读者触发联想，营设如画的意境。
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在英译“湖光山色”时，两种语言的差异就逼现在译者面前。其中的“光”，还有一个“色”字，英译时，必须落实，必须有一个明确的交代，否则，就译不出，就只能笼统译之，根本无法照顾到原文的意境或文采。
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我们得到的权威译文是：
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a. a landscape of lakes and mountains
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b. the natural beauty of lakes and mountains
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c. a beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains
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d. the beautiful scenery of the mountains and lakes
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两种语言的本质性区别告诉我们一条经验：汉语的一些属于意境性、写意性的表达，只能意译，而难以或不能直译。一定要直译，非出洋相不可。如有人硬性把“湖光山色”译成the light of the lakes and the color of the mountains。英语的native speakers读此译文问：What kind of light is it? Where does the light come from?
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回到原句，“一听到名人就激动不已，就欢呼雀跃，就奋不顾身往前冲”，其中的“激动不已”、“欢呼雀跃”、“奋不顾身往前冲”，就有一个从写实到写意的过度。特别是“奋不顾身”，纯属写意。如此写意，决不能照直译来，直译将酿成费解，甚至荒诞，就像“湖光山色”一样。
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然而，前译直译其为dashed ahead regardless of my safety。英语的native speakers读此译时，困惑油然而生：Was the famous man holding a handgun, ready to shoot at you?
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二十岁的时候，和某个人晚上一起去看了场电影，不经意中拉了一次手，结果幸福了整整一个夏天。三十岁之后，坐在香格里拉酒店的旋转餐厅陪客户吃自助餐，在缓缓的转动之中，莫名其妙地一阵空虚，突然间对一切感到索然无味……
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【原译】At the age of twenty, I went to see a film on a night with someone who casually took my hand in his palm, and this sweet happiness lingered for the whole summer. After I have turned thirty, I feel an aching void in the slow movement of the rotating restaurant, where I dine with my clients upon a buffet meal, in Shangri-La Hotel and all of a sudden I lost interest in everything.
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【改译】At the age of twenty, one evening, I went to see a film with a boy. In the darkness, an incidental touch of hands filled me with joy all that summer. I am thirty, sitting the rotating restaurant of Shangri-La Hotel, accompanying my clients having a buffet. In the slow rotating, an indescribable emptiness, all of a sudden, seizes me, and I find everything dull and dry.
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汉语以无主语句为美，而英语则以非人称主语句见长。试比较：
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不经意中拉了一次手，结果幸福了整整一个夏天。（主语系“我”，这个“我”字不必道出，读者听者皆能轻易感悟。）
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In the darkness, an incidental touch of hands filled me with joy all that summer.（行文何等酣畅自如，表意何其明快淋漓！只缘用了impersonal subject sentence!）
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莫名其妙地一阵空虚，突然间对一切感到索然无味……（同样也是省略了主语“我”的句式。）
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An indescribable emptiness, all of a sudden, seizes me.（同样是精彩纷呈、几读不厌的非人称主语句。）
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2 识英语之形合美
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背影（节选）
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The Sight of Father’s Back (Extracts)
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张培基教授的《英译中国现代散文选》让读者既重温字字珠玑的散文名作，又品尝了英译的别样风姿。张译不乏亮点，然而，字里行间尚残留不足。（以下以他对朱自清的《背影》中某些句子的翻译为例，试做分析。）
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到南京时，有朋友约去游逛，勾留了一日；第二日上午便须渡江到浦口，下午上车北去。
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【张译】I spent the first day in Nanjing strolling about with some friends at their invitation, and was ferrying across the Yangtse River to Pukou the next morning and thence taking a train for Beijing on the afternoon of the same day.（42个单词）
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