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语言的非物质形态、非直观的审美构成的特点是:它是不可数计的,因而是非定量的;它是不稳定的、难于捉摸的,因而是模糊的;它是不可分割的,不是非此即彼的,因而是某种集合体。总之,语言的这种审美构成在美学上称为“非定量模糊”(Non-Quantitative Fuzziness)。
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李白的短诗《静夜思》,妇孺皆知。多少年来,国内外许多译者积极投入《静夜思》的英译。这里一共收集了12种不同的《静夜思》的英译。从非表象要素的视角进行审读,哪些译诗堪称上乘之作呢?
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静夜思
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床前明月光,疑是地上霜。
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举头望明月,低头思故乡。
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a. In the Still of the Night
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I descry bright moonlight in front of my bed.
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I suspect it to be hoary frost on the floor.
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I watch the bright moon, as I tilt back my head.
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I yearn, while stooping, for my homeland more.
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(徐忠杰译)
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此译遣词一般。另外,仅仅是为了押韵,末尾的more就显得a bit far-fetched(牵强)。
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b. A Tranquil Night
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Abed, I see a silver light,
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I wonder if it’s frost aground.
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Looking up, I find the moon bright;
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Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned.
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(许渊冲译)
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译诗的节奏和遣词显然胜过第一首。aground和drowned之押韵美哉。尤其是末句——Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned,诗意浓郁。
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c. In the Quiet Night
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So bright a gleam on the foot of my bed—
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Could there have been a frost already?
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Lifting my head to look, I found that it was moonlight.
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Sinking back again, I thought suddenly of home.
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(Witter Bynner译)
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