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a. Later on in life the society puts strain on the man to compete, produce, and succeed; this also affects the survival rate. Another part of the problem of male mortality is the male hormone testosterone, which brings about a higher metabolic rate in most tissues, wearing them out faster.
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b. Later on in life man suffers from the strain of modern life to compete, produce, and succeed; this also affects the survival rate. Another part of the problem of male mortality is the male hormone testosterone, which brings about a higher metabolic rate in most tissues, wearing them out faster.
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而在以后的生活中,社会对男性施加了压力,促使他们参与竞争,辛勤劳作,争取胜利;这也影响了男性生存率。另一个问题是男性所分泌的睾丸激素,这一激素能加快大多数身体组织的新陈代谢速度,使它们加速衰亡。
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句a的the society puts strain on the man和句b的man suffer from the strain of modern life相比,前者的主语系非人称主语(the society),而后者的主语系人称主语(man),前者的谓语结构乃puts strain on the man。非人称主语句society puts strain on the man to compete, produce, and succeed新意拂面,与后者的man suffers from the strain of modern life相比,确实闪现人文亮色,增添人性美感。
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另如:
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a. Affirmative action and equal opportunity policies opened academic and employment doors for women. But the pill and power over the timing and frequency of pregnancies allowed women to walk through those doors, Luker said.
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b. Affirmative action and equal opportunity policies made it possible that the academic and employment doors had opened for women. But the pill and power over the timing and frequency of pregnancies made it possible again for women to walk through those doors, Luker said.
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(鼓励雇佣妇女的)积极的措施和机会均等的政策向妇女敞开了学业和就业的大门。但是避孕药及其能控制怀孕的时机和怀孕次数的能力才使得妇女能够步入这些大门,卢克说。
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有比较,才有鉴别。诵读句a,乃一种精神享受,人文亮色和人性美感再次闪现于字里行间。特别是其中的两个动词谓语,用得何等好啊:opened (academic and employment doors for women), allowed (women to walk through those doors)。句b的动词谓语乃made it possible和made it possible again,于是便不构成非人称主语句,虽然同样达意,却风采顿失!由此句可以看出,非人称主语句的关键在于其谓语动词。
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除了所谓人文亮色和人性美感之外,非人称主语句表达得简洁明快,也给我们另一种美感享受。比如,非人称主语句式可以用更简洁的形式表达科技英语中的各种逻辑关系,而将逻辑标记大量省略,轻而易举地变英语的形合句(Hypotaxis)为意合句(Parataxis)。如:
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1)非人称主语句“消化”了条件句:
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a. If we measure seismic travel time and amplitude, we can define the subsurface geometry and give estimates of the acoustic impedances related to rock velocities and densities.
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b. Seismic measures of travel time and amplitude define the subsurface geometry and give estimates of the acoustic impedances related to rock velocities and densities.
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如果我们测得地震波的走势和振幅,我们就能够确定地下的几何形状并估算与岩石速率和密度有关的声阻抗。
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2)非人称主语句“消化”了时间状语从句:
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a. Analysis of a damaged material usually requires intuitive judgment followed by real-time testing.
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b. When we are doing an analysis of a damaged material, usually it requires intuitive judgment followed by real-time testing.
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我们在分析破损材料时,通常需要先做直观判断,再做实时检测。
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3)非人称主语句“消化”了因果关系句:
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a. The effectiveness of the electronic computer lies in its great speed and accuracy in calculation.
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b. The effectiveness of the electronic computer is achieved because it has great speed and accuracy in calculation.
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电子计算机之所以效率高,是由于其运算速度快,而且计算准确。
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4)非人称主语句“消化”了让步从句:
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a. Even the dissolution in water cannot enable common salt to change its chemical properties.
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b. Even though we dissolve salt in water, we cannot enable common salt to change its chemical properties.
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