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c 助动词是指与实义动词连用，表示各种时态、语态、否定和疑问，其本身没有实际含义。助动词主要有三个，分别是：be, do和have (除了作助动词外，be还可以作系动词，do和have还可以作实义动词)。
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A.助动词be
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助动词be有is, am, are, was, were, been和being等形式，在句中可以和实义动词一起构成进行时态和被动语态，如：
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be构成进行时态
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Still I am learning.
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我仍在学习。
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Believe that pleasantness is coming.
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相信吧，愉快的日子正在来临。
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A learning organization is a group of people who are continually enhancing their capability to create their future.
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学习型组织是一群不断加强自身能力、创造未来的人。
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be构成被动语态
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A hero cannot be judged by success and failure.
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不能以成败论英雄。
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Character is made in the small moments of our lives.
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性格是在我们人生的各种无关紧要的时刻形成的。
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Life is truly known to those who endure adversity.
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忍受苦难的人真正了解生活。
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B. 助动词do
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助动词do有do, does和did三种形式，在句中可以和实义动词一起构成否定和疑问，也可以用于对动词的强调以及代替前面出现过的动词以避免重复。
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do构成否定
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Don’t value money for its own sake, but for what you can do with it.
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不要看重金钱本身，而是看重它的应用价值。
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The past doesn’t equal the future.
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过去不等同于未来。
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If you don’ t learn how to use pain and pleasure, life controls you.
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