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a 规则变化
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A. 一般情况下，在动词词尾直接加-ed。如：
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broaden 开阔 → broadened develop 发展 → developed
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enjoy 享受 → enjoyed obey 遵守 → obeyed
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prompt 推动 → prompted respect 尊敬 → respected
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watch 观察 → watched wish 希望 → wished
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B. 以字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。
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believe 相信 → believed complete 完成 →completed
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judge 判断 → judged love 爱 → loved
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place 放置 → placed refuse 拒绝 → refused
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rule 统治 → ruled urge 催促 → urged
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C. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。
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carry 携带 → carried deny 否认 → denied
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envy 妒忌 → envied reply 回答 → replied
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supply 供应 → supplied try 尝试 → tried
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vary 有差异 → varied worry 担心 → worried
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D. 单音节，且以元音字母+辅音字母结尾的动词，要双写最后的辅音字母，再加-ed (大部分和现在分词变化中的动词相同，但少量有不规则变化，如get, run, set, sit, swim等)。如：
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ban 禁止 → banned beg 乞求 → begged
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drop 掉落 → dropped plan 计划 → planned
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rob 抢劫 → robbed scan 审视 → scanned
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stir 搅动 → stirred stop 停止 → stopped
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但以x结尾的动词除外。如：
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fix 安装 → fixed mix 混合 → mixed
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E. 重音在最后一个音节，且结尾是辅音字母的动词，要双写最后的辅音字母，再加-ed (大部分和现在分词变化中的动词相同，但少量有不规则变化，如begin, forget等)。如：
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admit 承认 → admitted compel 强迫 → compelled
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