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17.13 定语从句与同位语从句的差异
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定语从句与同位语从句都是修饰名词的从句，其差别主要体现在两个方面：一，从句与被修饰名词的关系不同。定语从句相当于形容词，表明被修饰名词的性质状况；而同位语从句相当于名词，解释被修饰名词的内容。二，从句引导词和主句的关系不同。定语从句引导词与主句关系密切，引导词指代被修饰名词；而同位语从句引导词与主句不存在直接关系，引导词并不指代被修饰名词。试比较：
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A stone that is fit for a wall is not left on the highway.
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砌墙之石不会弃之于大路。（定语从句）
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Failure is a sign that you should explore other opportunities.
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失败是一个迹象，表明你应该去探寻其他机会。（同位语从句）
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Business is a very complex machine, all of whose components are people.
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事业是一台非常复杂的机器，其所有组成部件都是人。（定语从句）
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Let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.
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让我表明自己坚定的观点：我们唯一需要恐惧的就是恐惧本身。（同位语从句）
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实践演练
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Ⅰ.找出每句中的定语从句部分，用下划线标示，并注意体会其用法。
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1. The courage we desire and prize is not the courage to die decently, but to live manfully.
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2. Only that which is honestly got is gain.
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3. The ideals which have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully have been kindness, beauty and truth.
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4. There is no ill but may turn to one’s good.
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5. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.
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6. You need to remember that you will only be faced with lessons that you are capable of learning and are specific to your own growth.
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7. Suddenly, words I’d heard my mother repeat hundreds of times as I was growing up held new meaning. “Stand up straight! Lift yourself by pretending strings are pulling you from the tops of your ears.”
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8. The young man who thinks there is nothing important to be done is pretty sure to do nothing important.
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9. Anything that makes you forget what time it is can become the key to your life make-over.
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10. The world is round and the place which may seem like the end may also be only the beginning.
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Ⅱ.指出下列各句中的定语从句分别具体修饰什么。
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1. Goods are theirs that enjoy them.
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